Pine cone winder
| Pine cone winder | ||||||||||||
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Spruce cone moth ( Cydia strobilella ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cydia strobilella | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The Fichtenzapfenwickler ( Cydia strobilella ) is a butterfly from the family of Winder (Tortricidae). In English, the species of butterfly is called Spruce Seed Moth (" Spruce Seed Moth "). The caterpillars are called Spruce Seed Worm ("spruce seed worm").
features
The butterflies have a wingspan of 8-14 mm. The gray-brown forewings have a characteristic pattern of shiny silver transverse bands. The hind wings are brownish. The sexual dimorphism is only slightly pronounced. The cream-colored caterpillars reach a length of 10 mm in the last stage. The head capsule and neck shield are brown. The pupae have a length of 4 to 6.5 mm. They are initially amber and later turn black.
distribution
Cydia strobilella is native to the Palearctic . Their occurrence there extends from Europe to China and Japan. In Europe Cydia strobilella widespread. They occur in the north as far as Scandinavia (central Sweden) and Great Britain (Scotland). In the south, the distribution area extends to the Mediterranean. The species was introduced in North America. There it is found in spruce forests in Canada and in the western and northeastern United States.
Way of life
Cydia strobilella forms one generation a year in Europe. The moths fly in a short period of time during the spruce's pollination season from April to May (in northern regions from May to June). In North America the species forms two generations. The moths can be observed there in April and May as well as in August and September. The moths are mainly active in the afternoon.
The host plants of the species form various spruces ( Picea ), in Central Europe in particular the common spruce ( Picea abies ). In addition, the silver fir ( Abies alba ) is named as the host tree. The eggs are deposited individually on the young cones . The caterpillars go through four stages of development. The young caterpillars feed on the seeds. In late summer, the adult caterpillars bore into the central part of the cones, where they hibernate. The diapause that lasts over the winter can in individual cases last for one or more years. Several caterpillars can live in one cone. Pupation takes place after the diapause.
A single caterpillar eats between 10 and 20 seeds, around a third of all seeds in a cone. This leads to a lower yield in spruce cultures. For this reason, the butterfly species is considered a forest pest . It can happen that the curlers hatch in rooms or buildings in which freshly collected spruce cones are stored in spring.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Cone and Seed Insect Pest, Leaflet No. 6, Spruce Seedworm (Cydia strobilella) (PDF, (350 kB)) British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range, Tree Improvement Branch, Saanichton, BC. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Todd M. Gilligan, Marc E. Epstein: Tortricids of Agricultural Importance, Cydia strobilella . USDA, Identification Technology Program (ITP). Retrieved April 18, 2020.
Web links
- Cydia strobilella at Lepiforum eV
- Cydia strobilella at www.lepidoptera.se
- Cydia strobilella at www.ukmoths.org.uk
- Cydia strobilella in Fauna Europaea