Bottle dusting

Bottle dusting
	Bottle dusting ( Lycoperdon perlatum )
Systematics
Class :	Agaricomycetes
Subclass :	Agaricomycetidae
Order :	Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family :	Mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae)
Genre :	Puffballs ( Lycoperdon )
Type :	Bottle dusting
Scientific name
	Lycoperdon perlatum
	Pers.

The bottle dusting ( Lycoperdon perlatum , syn. L. gemmatum ), often incorrectly referred to as the bottle bovist in the vernacular , is one of the most common dusters . For a long time this species was assigned to the belly mushrooms (Gastromycetidae), but more recent phylogenetic findings no longer apply this taxon . The bottle dusting and its relatives are now among the mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae), which in addition to leaf mushrooms also include species that do not develop fruiting bodies with lamellae .

features

Bottle dusters have a sterile stem part, while the fruit mass in the head part disintegrates into olive-brownish spore powder with increasing ripeness.

When ripe, the parting tears open so that the ripe spores can escape outside. The wind blows them away and thus ensures the spread of the species.

The spores of the bottle dusting in the light microscope

Macroscopic features

The 3–10 cm high fruiting bodies have the shape of an upturned bottle or pear and have a clearly developed stem. The stem part is sterile, which means that it does not develop spores . The surface is covered with numerous coarser warts and spines that have a conical shape. The warts get smaller and smaller towards the base of the stem. When touched, they peel off very easily and leave a net-like pattern on the surface. Young specimens are white, with increasing maturity they turn yellowish to gray-brown. The fruit mass inside the head is initially firm and also white when young, but later dries out and disintegrates into olive-brownish spore powder. Finally, the fruiting body tears open at the apex so that the ripe spores can escape into the open and be spread by the wind. The smell and taste are described as pleasantly spicy.

Microscopic features

The rounded spores have fine warts and reach a size of 3–4.5 micrometers.

Play media file

Expectoration of spores

Species delimitation

There are some species, such as the smelly dusting ( Lycoperdon foetidum ), that look similar to the bottle dusting. These can all be distinguished by their spines, which consist of several parts and do not leave a net pattern when they fall off.

Ecology and phenology

The bottle dusting is a common fungus in deciduous and coniferous forests that is often found in groups. As a saprobiont, it decomposes dead organic material.

The fruiting bodies appear from June to November.

meaning

Young bottle dusters are edible as long as the inside is still white and can also be eaten raw. It is unsuitable for cooking because it becomes tough. The mushroom can be fried briefly in butter until golden.

swell

literature

Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 , p. 503 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Ewald Gerhardt: BLV determination book. Mushrooms . Weltbild, Augsburg 2003, ISBN 3-8289-1673-2 , p. 174 .

Web links

Commons : Bottle Dusting ( Lycoperdon perlatum ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: Bottle dusting - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

[Gerhardt2003-1] Ewald Gerhardt: BLV determination book. Mushrooms . Weltbild, Augsburg 2003, ISBN 3-8289-1673-2 , p. 174 .