Mushroom relatives
| Mushroom relatives | ||||||||||||
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White aniseed mushroom (Agaricus arvensis) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Agaricaceae | ||||||||||||
| Chevall. |
The mushroom relatives or Egerling relatives (Agaricaceae) are a large family of the mushroom-like (Agaricales).
features
The fruiting bodies are pileat , secotioid, or gasteroid . These are mushrooms that are divided into a hat and a stem, or belly mushrooms, or mushrooms whose fruiting bodies have a shape that lies between these two extremes. The hat mushroom genera have thin lamellae , which are mostly free standing, so do not hit the stem. The hat is more or less flat or hunched and the surface is smooth, scabbed or scaly. The stem is almost always centrally connected to the hat and can carry a ring. This membranous ring, as well as frequently occurring flakes or scales on the hat or stem, are remnants of a partial velum . A volva can also be present in some cases.
The basidia, which are usually four-pore, are usually small and can sometimes be accompanied by cystids . The color of the basidiospores can vary. The spore powder can be white to greenish ( saffron umbrellas ), ocher, pink ( Egerling umbrella species) or blackish ( mushrooms , inks ). But it's never rust brown or cinnamon brown. The spores themselves are smooth or ornamented and can sometimes be stained with iodine reagents. The mostly dinuclear spores have a germ pore in some genera. The sequestraten fruiting body can be stalked or sessile and have a chambered Gleba , which remains either completely closed or the tearing of the surrounding peridialen opens tissue, as for example in the Stäublingen is the case.
Distribution and ecology
The family is spread around the world. The mushroom relatives are primarily saprobionts , which can be found both in grassland and in forests. Some species usually form " witch rings ". Attamyces and some Leucoagaricus species have a co-evolutionary relationship with ants. In horticulture, Leucocoprinus species are particularly important as colonizers and decomposers of compost and wood chips. Their spores appear to be resistant to steam sterilization.
Systematics
The family has over 2500 described species in over 100 genera. Recent molecular biological studies have revolutionized the systematics of mushroom relatives. According to the latest findings, the genus of the inks ( Coprinus s. S. ) Also belongs to the family. In addition, a number of belly mushroom genera such as the Stäublinge ( Lycoperdon ), the Stielboviste ( Tulostoma ) and the genus Baltarrea are among the mushroom relatives.
The following incomplete system is largely based on the Dictionary of the Fungi (see below under "Literature") and the entries in the Index Fungorum and contains the most important genera within the Agaricaceae family.
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Family : Mushroom relatives (Agaricaceae)
- Genus: Mushrooms , Egerlinge ( Agaricus )
- Genus: Egerling umbrella mushrooms ( Leucoagaricus )
- Genus: Large Dusters ( Calvatia )
- Genus: Grünsporschirmlinge ( Chlorophyllum )
- Genus: Folded umbrella ( Leucocoprinus )
- Genus: Granular umbrella ( Cystoderma )
- Genus: Flour umbrella ( Cystolepiota )
- Genus: Giant umbrella ( Macrolepiota )
- Genus: Umbrella ( Lepiota )
- Genus: puffballs ( Lycoperdon )
- Genus: Slime umbrella (Limacella)
- Genus: Dwarf Umbrellas ( Melanophyllum )
- Genus: Cystodermella
- Genus: Inks (Coprinus)
- Genus: Stielboviste (Tulostoma)
meaning
The cultivated mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) is the most commonly cultivated edible mushroom worldwide. Toadstools are also found in the family, especially in the umbrella lice ( Lepiota ) and the saffron umbrella ( Chlorophyllum ).
swell
- Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th ed. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).
