Umbrellas
| Umbrellas | ||||||||||||
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Stink umbrella ( Lepiota cristata ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lepiota | ||||||||||||
| ( Pers. ) Gray |
The umbrella flies ( Lepiota ) are a genus of mushrooms from the family of mushroom relatives , the species of which form small to medium-sized fruiting bodies . They are often provided with a velum . What they all have in common are white to whitish lamellae on the underside of the hat , white to cream-colored spore powder and the presence of an immobile, membranous stem ring or at least one ring zone.
features
Umbrella are small to medium-sized leaf mushrooms . The hat is more or less broadly bell-shaped. The middle of the hat is bare or velvety. The surface of the hat can be fibrous or covered with fibrous to flaky or granular scales, ingrown against the edge of the hat, in some species with scales that break open concentrically to the edge of the hat. The surface of the hat is dry, the brim is not grooved or ribbed. During the development of the fruiting body , the parasols have a double velum , the velum partiale (partial envelope) remains on the stem as a membranous, often fleeting ring . In contrast to the related genus of the giant umbrella , the ring cannot be moved. The stem is cylindrical to slightly club-shaped. The spore powder is white, less often cream-colored and dextrinoid . The free, bulbous and crowded lamellae are also white, sometimes yellow.
ecology
All members of the genus are saprobionts that can grow on soil, wood or plant remains. Earth-dwelling species are common in nutrient-rich (especially nitrogen-rich), humus-rich and ruderal places.
species
There are around 400 species worldwide, the genus is mainly found in the tropics, around 60 species occur in Europe, with the genus occurring particularly in the Mediterranean region.
| Umbrellas ( Lepiota ) in Europe |
Systematics
In the past, some species were separated into the genus Stachelschirmlinge .
meaning
Some umbrella flies are highly poisonous, so the species of the genus are not considered edible mushrooms.
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
- Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN 0932-920X (301 pages; directory of the color images of almost all large European mushrooms (> 5 mm) incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
