Spiked umbrella
The division of living beings into systematics is a continuous subject of research. Different systematic classifications exist side by side and one after the other. The taxon treated here has become obsolete due to new research or is not part of the group systematics presented in the German-language Wikipedia.
In the past, a group of mushroom species from the genus of the umbrella flies ( Lepiota ) was separated into the genus spiny umbrella ( Echinoderma ). Today they are assigned to the umbrella families again.
features
The sting lepiota form small to medium sized, in hat and handle structured fruiting . The hat is more or less broadly bell-shaped. The surface of the hat is covered with more or less permanent, flaky or tile-shaped, wart-shaped or conical brown scales. The fruit bodies usually show pink, wine to dark brown colors. The stem can be ringed or ringless. The slats are often very crowded and free. Both the lamellae and the spore powder are white.
In contrast to other parasols , the spiked parasols have a different hat skin structure and 2-core spores.
ecology
All species of the group are earth-dwelling saprobionts that occur on meadows, ruderal places, in parks and gardens and under bushes.
species
The genus contained about 10 species found in Europe and North America. The pointed-scaly spiny umbrella can also be found in South America, Japan, and South America. The following species are common in Europe:
- Pointed-scaly spiny umbrella ( Lepiota aspera )
- Purple- scaly spiny umbrella ( Lepiota bettinae )
- Boertmann's sting umbrella ( Lepiota boertmannii )
- Cocoa-brown spiny umbrella ( Lepiota calcicola )
- Small spiny umbrella ( Lepiota carinii )
- Hedgehog spiny umbrella ( Lepiota echinacea )
- Long spiny umbrella ( Lepiota eriophorus )
- Cone-scaled spiny umbrella ( Lepiota hystrix )
- Ringless spiny umbrella ( Lepiota perplexa )
- Smallest spiny umbrella ( Lepiota pseudoasperulus )
- Brick-red spiny umbrella ( Lepiota sinopicus )
meaning
The group of prickly umbrellalings are out of the question as edible mushrooms : some species are poisonous, others inedible.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
- Egon Horak: Bolete and agaric mushrooms in Europe . 6th edition. Elsevier - Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1478-4 .
- Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN 0932-920X (301 pages; directory of the color images of almost all large European mushrooms (> 5 mm) incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
Individual proof
- ^ Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th ed. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 (784 pages).