Fleet torpedo boat 1940
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| Class details | |
| Ship type: | Fleet torpedo boat |
| Units: | 24 commissioned, 3 launched |
| Period of service: | no |
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The fleet torpedo boat 1940 was a design for a type of destroyer to be built in Dutch shipyards for the German navy . Orders for 24 boats of this type were awarded, but not a single one was completed. By the time work was stopped in 1944, only three units had been launched. These three most advanced units were brought to Germany in view of the advancing Allied troops, but were never completed there either.
history
requirements
After the occupation of the Netherlands, the German leadership realized that the entire shipbuilding industry in the country had remained intact and could produce it to a high technical standard. The Wehrmacht therefore looked for ways to use these production capacities , which were close to the German Reich . It turned out that the Dutch shipyards, mechanical engineering companies and numerous suppliers were willing to work with the Germans and take on construction contracts.
When the German troops invaded the Netherlands in 1940, the hulls of the destroyers Tjerk Hiddes and Philips van Almonde, which were under construction, were destroyed by the Dutch; the turbine sets and boilers intended for them were still in production. Their production was not discontinued in view of the lack of torpedo carriers in the Kriegsmarine, rather they were supposed to power a German boat design, the planning of which was to take into account the manufacturing standards and performance of the Dutch shipyards and industry.
Planning and construction
The K Office began construction work in 1940. The first draft was based on the Dutch Tjerk-Hiddes class. This draft was adapted to German needs. The lines of the hull were a new design, which after towing attempts turned out to be cheaper than those of the preliminary design for the fleet torpedo boats in 1939 .
The boats referred to as fleet torpedo boats were comparable to destroyers of the time in terms of size and armament and the resulting possible uses and could therefore have been classified as such. At times the project was also run as a destroyer in 1940 . The reasons for renaming the official draft are no longer comprehensible.
The boats in the official draft were awarded to the four Dutch shipyards Wilton-Fijenoord in Schiedam , Rotterdamsche Droogdok , KM De Schelde in Vlissingen and the Nederlands Scheepsbouw in Amsterdam , the orders for the first twelve boats for T 61 to T 68 were placed on November 19 1940 and for T 69 to T 72 on May 3, 1941. Construction contracts for a further twelve boats ( T 73 to T 84 ) were placed on August 27, 1941, but these were canceled that same year. The first boat to be completed was the T 65 in October 1944 , the T 61 to follow in November, T 63 and T 67 in December. T 64 to T 66 , as well as T 70 should not be completed until 1945 , the year 1946 was planned as the completion date for T 68 , T 69 and T 71 . Due to a lack of materials and the deliberate delay in construction by the Dutch workforce, the work was very slow. By the end of 1942 only eight constructions had been started, and by the time the work was completed in the shipyards, only three boats, the T 61 , T 65 and T 63 , had been launched. Only the hulls of these three units could be towed to Germany in September and December 1944 in view of the advancing Allied troops in order to complete them there.
Whereabouts
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T 61 was towed to Germany on September 12, 1944 by a Bristol Beaufighter of the 143rd RAF Squadron northwest of Den Helder , damaged by an air torpedo hit, stranded and scrapped after 1945.
The T 63 and T 65 reached the Schichau shipyard planned for completion in Elbing in tow via Wilhelmshaven or Kiel at the end of 1944, only to be brought back west to Gdansk in January 1945 before the advancing Soviet troops. According to the order of January 28, 1945, the boats should now be completed by Deschimag in Bremen. T 65 reached Wesermünde via Kiel and Kaiser Wilhelm Canal in March 1945, T 63 had also been there since March 1945. They remained unfinished until the end of the war and could be captured by the Allies. On May 2nd and 3rd, 1945, both were damaged by explosions. The Allies sank T 63 loaded with gas ammunition on December 31, 1946 in the Skagerrak. T 65 was blown up on May 3, 1946 and broken off.
The hulls of the T 62 , T 64 and T 66 that had been started were no longer built, after the damage / detonation lying on the Helge in 1944/45 it was later demolished. The construction contracts for the remaining boats were canceled.
technical description
hull
Overall, the design was 114.5 m, at the construction waterline 110 m long, 11.3 m wide with a 3.4 m mean and 3.81 m maximum draft and 6.55 m side height. The hull was given a double bottom over 90% of its length and was divided into 13 watertight compartments. The hulls were built from steel ST 52 in transverse ribs and longitudinal bands . They should achieve 1931 ts type displacement , at 2249 t construction and 2566 t operational displacement.
The crew should consist of eight officers and 223 NCOs and men. A motor dinghy , a cutter and a dinghy were provided as dinghies .
drive
Machines and boilers from Dutch production should be used as the drive. The three Yarrow-Werkspoor three-drum boilers only worked with low pressures and temperatures (28.1 atü, 350 ° C), a system similar to the German high-pressure superheated steam boiler system was unknown to Dutch industry. The boilers were in three boiler rooms and had a natural water cycle and superheater .
They supplied steam for two sets of NVWerkspoor - Parson turbine systems with gear drives. The system should deliver a maximum of 49,500 WPS for 35 kn , according to the design, the turbines were designed for 45,000 WPS. Propellers with a diameter of 3.15 m were supposed to turn on the two shafts , the two spade rudders were in the screw currents. The 561 t bunker capacity should be sufficient for a driving range of 2100 nm at 19 kn.
Armament and fire control systems
The armament was four 12.7 cm guns, four 3.7 cm and 20 mm anti-aircraft guns. There were also eight 53.3-cm torpedo tubes in two sets of four with eight torpedoes and facilities for laying up to 50 mines, as well as 32 depth charges with appropriate launchers.
Of the four 12.7 cm SK guns C / 34 L / 45 in the center pivot mount C / 3, which were set up in pairs at the bow and stern, the inner guns were each arranged in an elevated position on the superstructure. 600 rounds of ammunition should be kept ready for them, for the 3.7 cm SK anti-aircraft guns C / 30 L / 83 in two double mounts C / 30 8000 rounds. Initially eight, later up to 16 C / 38 L / 65 guns in four twin mounts or mixed in quadruple and twin mounts were provided for 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.
Two 3 m base distance measuring devices 3u on the bridge and the aft superstructure were to be used as artillery control devices .
Technical specifications
| Dimensions | |
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| Length: |
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| Largest width: | 11.3 m |
| Draft: |
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| Side height: |
6.55 m |
| Displacement: |
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| drive | |
| Boiler system: | |
| Turbine system: |
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| Screws: | 2 screws, each 3.15 m in diameter |
| Rudder: | 2 spade rudders in the screw streams |
| Machine power: |
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| Largest shaft speed: | 475 / min |
| Top speed: | 34.8–35 kn |
| Fuel supply: |
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| Armament | |
| Guns: |
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| Anti-aircraft armament |
37 and 20 mm anti-aircraft guns |
| Torpedo armament: |
8 × 53.3 cm torpedo tubes in two pivoting sets of four |
| Other: | Depth launcher, 32 depth charges, mine equipment for 50 mines |
units
| Surname | Shipyard | Keel laying | Launch | Career |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T 61 | Wilton-Fijenoord, Schiedam | 1942 | June 1944 | Sunk on September 12, 1944 |
| T 63 | Rotterdamsche Droogdok, Rotterdam | 1942 | October 28, 1944 | Sunk in the Skagerrak on December 31, 1946 |
| T 65 | KM De Schelde , Vlissingen | 1942 | July 8, 1944 | Canceled in 1946 |
- Shipyards
The orders were distributed to the Dutch shipyards as follows:
- KM De Schelde, Vlissingen:
- T 65, T 66, T 71, T 79-81
- Nederlandse Scheepsbouw Mij., Amerstdam:
- T 67, T 68, T 72, T 82-84
- Rotterdamsche Droogdok Mij., Rotterdam:
- T 63, T 64, T 70, T 76, T 77, T 78
- Wilton-Fijenoord Co., Schiedam:
- T 61, T 62, T 69, T 73, T 74, T 75
Individual evidence
- Wolfgang Harnack: The German fleet torpedo boats from 1942 to 1945. Verlag ESMittler & Sohn GmbH, Hamburg / Berlin / Bonn 2004, ISBN 3-8132-0825-7 :
- MJ Whitley: Destroyer in World War II . Motorbuch Verlag, 1995, ISBN 3-613-01426-2 (Original: Destroyers of World War Two . Arms & Armors Press, London):
- Harald Fock: Z-before! International development and war missions of destroyers and torpedo boats, Volumes 1 and 2, Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-7822-0762-9 :
- Website: Chronicle of the Naval War :
- ↑ Jürgen Rohwer , Gerhard Hümmelchen: Seekrieg in September 1944 , viewed on January 10, 2009
Remarks
- ↑ According to Harnack: The German Flottentorpedoboote from 1942 to 1945. , p. 30, Fock: Z-Vor! , P. 59, indicates 6.2 m
- ↑ According to Fock: "Z-Vor!". Deviating from this, Harnack gives 2566 ts (2632 t) as the deployment displacement, Whitley, however, 2546 ts.
- ↑ Jib, Z-forward! , P. 59 states a range of 6000 nm at 19 kn with the same bunker capacity. Whitley: Destroyer in the Second World War , p. 47 mentions 2350 nm with the same bunker content and constant speed
- ↑ Quoted from Harnack: The German Flottentorpedoboote from 1942 to 1945. P. 31. According to Fock: Z-vor! later four quadruple mounts were planned, which would have replaced all twin mounts with a total of 16 guns.