Flight maneuvers (model helicopter)
As with aerobatics , there are also many different flight maneuvers in model flying . Each maneuver presents a special challenge for the pilot. This article lists and explains the basic flight maneuvers when flying model helicopters . In addition, the article gives an overview of the relevant types of competition and other special features that are directly related to flight maneuvers with the helicopter model.
All of the following information relates to a pitch-controlled model helicopter with a main rotor plus tail rotor. In the case of coaxial, tandem or Flettner models, they apply analogously to the respective existing technical equipment, whereby not all flight maneuvers can be flown by all models. A speed-controlled helicopter without adjustable pitch adjustment of the rotor blades can, for. B. cannot be flown inverted. Even with pitch-controlled models, a certain rotor blade position and flight phase programming may be required - and possibly a certain throttle curve in order to be able to fly certain maneuvers.
Single or combined maneuvers
begin
The start initiates the flight - the model normally takes off from the ground here. Complicated artificial and 3D flight maneuvers can be integrated right from the start:
Flip start
An experienced pilot can fly a flip start by lifting the model off the ground and tilting it forward in the direction of flight by simultaneously turning on the swashplate. By simultaneously actuating a sufficiently negative pitch , the model is caught in the supine position, which completes the flipstart maneuver.
Tail stand launch
During this flight maneuver, the model lifts off the ground and is at the same time steered backwards by a nodding movement of the swash plate. The model now leans until its stern points towards the ground and its nose towards the sky. In this position, a bit of negative pitch and a bit of pitch are steered backwards at the same time, whereby the model slowly comes into the supine position and at the same time has a forward and a slight downward tendency: The tail stand launch is complete when the model is in complete position Lie on your back and fly in a certain direction with the tail ahead. The downward trend does not have to be maintained, but can be compensated with a sufficiently negative pitch.
Knife flight start
Immediately after take-off, the model is brought to a sufficient altitude, here immediately tilted by 90 ° to the side and brought into a knife flight with full pitch: The model now flies 90 ° inclined parallel to the ground. Since the flight model can become very unstable in this position, especially with a weaker motorization, and a tendency to fall, another flight figure must be quickly connected in order to steer the model out of the knife flight position: From the knife flight position, it can roll into the Inverted position. In order to avoid a crash, a negative pitch must then be given to keep the model in the inverted position.
Hover
Hovering is one of the first flight maneuvers that a model helicopter pilot learns.
When hovering, an attempt is made to keep the remote-controlled helicopter in the air as little as possible. Ideally, the flight model should be able to be held in place in the air. However, since there are disruptive factors due to the torque of the rotor and the tail rotor working against it, as well as external circumstances (wind, downwash, inconsistent rotor speed, etc.), which can partially prevent this holding in place, the RC pilot must always make compensatory movements on his remote control to cancel these disturbances. In some cases, electronic components that can optionally be incorporated into the model now help to compensate for these involuntary drift movements in the air, which makes it easier for novice pilots in particular to gain access to the hobby.
Hovering also includes other flight maneuvers, which, however, are always associated with the slowest possible flight speed over the ground:
Side float
Side levitation is understood to mean the levitation of the model helicopter in such a way that one side of the flight model always points in the direction of the controlling RC pilot. The flight model itself can fly in all directions (e.g. forwards, backwards, sideways) - it just has to always point the side of the flight model towards the pilot.
Floating backwards
In this flight maneuver, the model flies with the tail extension / tail rotor in front.
Floating nose
Nose float means the model floating with the tip in the direction of the RC pilot. He is confronted with the situation that, with the exception of climb / descent and tail rotor control, all control commands have to be applied the wrong way round. The model can also be moved in all four horizontal directions (forwards, backwards and sideways).
Floating nose
Hover (tail to pilot)
Side float left
Side float right
Float left and right
Side float left and right
Float backwards left and right
Left and right nose floating
Inverted flight
In inverted flight , also called inverted , the model is rotated from the normal position about the transverse axis or longitudinal axis by 180 ° so that it is upside down (rotor head pointing to the ground). The flight then continues in this position. This requires a negative rotor blade pitch, which must be held continuously so that the model can stay in the air in inverted flight.
Straight stretch in inverted flight
Inverted flight
Looping
The looping (from English: loop = loop, loop) is one of the most famous flight maneuvers. This is an upward vertical circle that leads to the supine position at the apex and finally brings the model back to the starting position. When looping, between
and
distinguished.
Inside looping
The inner loop is a vertical circle, which is initiated from the upright straight flight by pulling the nick. In every position the rotor blades point into the inside of the circle.
Half inside loop / flap
If the inner loop is only flown halfway, so that the model standing at the zenith is converted to straight flight , the maneuver is called half inner loop or half rollover .
Immelmann
If a half-turn is ended by rolling 180 ° at the zenith, so that the maneuver ends in a horizontal upright flight, this figure is called Immelmann .
Outside looping
The outer loop is a vertical circle that is initiated from the upright straight flight by pressing the nick. In every position the rotor blades point outwards from the circle.
Half outside loop
The half outside loop is almost the same as a full outside loop, only it ends exactly halfway through. This maneuver ends with inverted flight and is usually ended by rolling through 180 °.
Another figure emerges when half an outside loop is combined with the Immelmann maneuver. The roll takes place 180 ° before the entry into the half loop, so that the maneuver ends in a horizontal upright flight.
circle
The circle maneuver can be flown in different variants:
Side circle
The maneuver in which the helicopter flies a circular path is called the side circle. When running, a distinction is made as to whether the model
- in front of the pilot
- to the pilot
emotional. When flying the figure, the front side of the model, the so-called nose, points in the direction of flight. The circle can also be flown in the supine position.
Nose circle
During this maneuver, the helicopter also flies a circular path, with its nose (the front side of the model) always pointing towards the center of the circle. When executing the nose circle, a distinction is made as to whether the maneuver is carried out in front of the pilot or around the pilot.
Tail circle
This maneuver is very similar to the nose circle . The difference is that when performing the maneuver, it is not the model's nose, but its tail that always points to the center of the flown circular path.
promenade
At the promenade, the helicopter hovers in place while the pilot walks around the model.
Nose circle in front of the pilot
Tail circle in front of the pilot
Side circle left, right
Side circle left, right in front of the pilot
Full circle in inverted flight
Flight maneuvers promenade
pirouette
In a pirouette, the model is usually rotated 360 ° around the vertical axis. For this purpose, the control direction "stern" is selected on the transmitter and then deflected in one direction.
The stationary pirouette is carried out on the spot, i.e. in hover, and the model is rotated around the vertical axis by 360 °.
In a circular pirouette, the model is also set in a forward or backward movement, so that at the end of this flight movement there is again a closed circle and the model has reached the starting point of the flight movement. During this circular flight, pirouettes are then woven into the steering maneuvers at certain points.
Pirouette circle
Stationary pirouette
Circle pirouette, 8 pirouettes in a full circle
Respect, think highly of
In a flown figure eight, two horizontal circular flights are combined with each other. The circles are right next to each other and are crossed at the intersection of the two circles, so that the trajectory ultimately equals the number eight. The maneuver is finished when the starting position has been reached again.
As a further flight figure variant, figure eight can be completed in addition to the normal flight position in an inverted flight position - but still in a horizontal flight direction.
With the Cuban Eight, the model leaves the horizontal flight direction and performs a combination of two vertically flown loops that merge at the intersection of the two adjacent looping circles, with half a roll being flown in the transition.
Respect, think highly of
Eighth inverted flight
Cuban eight
Turn / pushover
In a turn , also known as a pushover, the model is steered in a straight line from a horizontal trajectory into a vertical trajectory. This flight maneuver is usually achieved by gently actuating the nodding function until the model is completely vertical. At some point a zenith is reached where so much speed is reduced due to gravity that the model falls into a stable and the main rotor can no longer provide enough propulsion to counteract the force of gravity. At this point, the control direction "stern" rotates the complete model in the air by 180 ° so that the tip of the model points in the opposite direction. The flight is then continued following gravity towards the ground and then slowly transferred to a horizontal flight by means of the control direction "Nick".
Turn
Inverted turn
role
There are several variants of this flight maneuver:
Standard role
With a roll, the model completes a 360 ° rotation around its own longitudinal axis while flying forwards or backwards . This flight maneuver depends on a good starting position in order to be able to complete it accordingly. A common mistake is to fly into the maneuver with a sloping tail - this can mean that the roll cannot be flown properly and the maneuver may even have to be aborted.
Half roll
With half a roll, the model completes a 180 ° turn around its own longitudinal axis in forward, backward flight or from the hovering state and then flies / hovers in this position. If you start this maneuver in upright flight forward, the flight figure ends with inverted flight. If two half rolls are flown one after the other, the result is a separate full roll . The start of the helicopter model can also be carried out with half a roll, so that the model is flown from the ground directly into the supine position. It is important to ensure that you do not give too much pitch, as the model could otherwise very quickly get unwanted ground contact.
Cobra roll with half rolls
This variant is received in the same way as the description of the standard role described above . During the Cobra role, the flight model then makes a slightly rising curve towards the sky ("mountain flight"), and shortly afterwards it falls again in the opposite direction ("valley flight"), so that at the end of the maneuver the model returns to the starting altitude before the Initiation of the flight figure has achieved. In parallel to this “uphill and downhill flight”, the model performs half-rolls - a half-roll when climbing and a half-roll when descending. At the zenith of the climb, the model arrives inverted - the start and end positions are each in the normal position. The mountain flight and the subsequent valley flight of the model is supposed to symbolize an upright cobra .
Snake
The Snake maneuver can be flown in several variants:
Standard snake (serpentine line)
With a snake, the model is flown backwards, i.e. with the tail in the direction of flight. Then a serpentine line is flown with the model, which is composed of four adjacent quarters one after the other. The model executes a 360 ° rotation around the longitudinal axis and comes from the normal position to the supine position and then back to the normal flight position. In contrast to the reel, which is flown in a straight line as if pulled on a string, the flight pattern of the Snake in the top view is characterized by a slightly curved S-curve flight.
Snake figure eight (serpentine figure eight)
To increase the snake maneuver, a snake can be flown in such a way that the model is moved through two adjacent circles, analogous to the figure eight , so that at the point of contact of the circle the trajectory from one circle to the other is crossed and the flight image in the top view is a Eight equals. The maneuver is finished when the starting point has been reached again.
Rainbow
The Rainbow maneuver can be flown in several variants:
Standard rainbow
With the rainbow, a flight figure consisting of two segments is flown that resembles a rainbow . The helicopter is kept in an unstable flight position, as the rotor blade tips point continuously towards the ground immediately after the initiation of the maneuver and thus generate little lift. The model starts from hovering or side hovering in normal flight position and then makes a generous arc in the air, which however never reaches 180 ° - the tail rotor also points towards the ground. Shortly before the helicopter is almost in the inverted position, the maneuver is carried out again in the other direction, so that the model is back in the starting position and position. The pitch control direction is operated evenly throughout the maneuver. The Rainbow resembles a long-flown Tic-Toc , but it is counteracted earlier than with the Tic-Toc.
Rainbow American Style
The American version of the rainbow basically contains the same flight image as the normal rainbow - nothing changes in the flight path or the orientation of the model in flight. The difference is that the pitch control direction is not flown evenly during the entire maneuver, but in one or more control deflections of the pitch function. Since these steering deflections are usually carried out with pitch max, the flight figure looks much more spectacular than the normal rainbow.
Tic-Toc
The Tic-Toc flight figure can be flown in several variants:
Standard Tic-Toc
In this figure, the helicopter “ticks”, like a metronome , with its nose and tail constantly up and down. The inclination is usually between ± 30 ° and ± 45 °. When performing the figure, it is important that the ticks are harmonious, both in time and in their execution angle. Both end positions must be reached at least 3 times each. The tail rotor remains roughly in the same position during the tic-toc.
Pirouettes Tic-Toc
When pirouetting Tic-Toc, the Tic-Toc is extended to the effect that the model is also rotated around its own vertical axis when changing positions . The maneuver is considered completed when the change of flight attitude has been achieved at least three times.
Flip
The Flip maneuver can be performed both forwards and sideways:
Forward flip
During the flip, the helicopter executes a 180 ° turn around the transverse axis on the spot . This figure is initiated with the control direction pitch and pitch. The maneuver ends with inverted flight if it was initiated in the normal position.
Side flip
During a side flip, the helicopter executes a 180 ° turn around its longitudinal axis on the spot . This figure is initiated with the control direction Roll and Pitch. The maneuver ends with inverted flight if it was initiated in the normal position.
hourglass
In the case of a flown hourglass, the flight pattern corresponds to that of an upright hourglass - i.e. two triangles standing on top of each other, each of which is at a point. The model starts at starting position 1 and flies backwards a straight stretch towards flag 2 - during this stretch a half pirouette has to be built into the maneuver so that flag 2 is reached in forward flight. Here the model then begins a backward climb in the direction of a flag 1, which ends about 4 m above the starting position 1 and above the flag 1. From here on, the model again makes a horizontal flight in the direction of flag 2, which is accompanied by a 360 ° pirouette, in order to come to a stop at the level of flag 2 about 4 m above the starting altitude. Finally, a reverse descent towards flag 1 is initiated. Then a half pirouette (180 °) is carried out in the forward flight towards starting position 1 in order to land at the height of the starting position.
Funnel
Funnel comes from the English-speaking world and means funnel , which describes the flight image well, because the model describes a funnel-shaped or tornado-shaped rotational movement in the air. There are also different variants of this flight maneuver.
Standard funnel
The standard funnel provides for an inverted start. The model then moves to a position in which the model tip is inclined slightly towards the sky and the stern is slightly inclined towards the ground (> 45 °), while the rotor also points outwards. At the same time, the model describes a concentric circular trajectory at a distance of approx. 5 m to 10 m around an imaginary fixed point. The maneuver is considered completed when at least 3 circular trajectories have been flown.
Pirouette funnel
With the pirouette funnel, at least three more pirouettes are built into the standard funnel. H. the model makes three 360 ° circulations around the vertical axis for each flown circle .
Half-roller funnel
In this flight maneuver, the circle of the funnel to be flown is divided into two equally sized segments. When such a circle segment is reached, half a role must then be built into the flight maneuver, i.e. H. the helicopter is rotated 180 ° around the longitudinal axis at these points . This means that the model must be rotated 180 ° twice per circle. The maneuver is considered complete when a total of three circles have been flown.
Pirouetting Globe
In this figure 4 pirouette loopings are carried out, each of which has to be flown about 45 ° offset from the previous pirouette looping , so that the flight image corresponds to that of a ball from every viewing angle. The 45 ° offset must be completed at the lowest point of the loop. At least 2 pirouettes must be built into each loop .
Autorotation
Autorotation is not originally an aerobatic maneuver, but a procedure to be able to land the model safely if the main drive fails. In addition, if the flight position of the model is lost, an auto-rotation maneuver can be initiated: Even if this does not succeed 100% and the model crashes, at least the damage can be kept very low, since the force-fit connection of the drive is interrupted.
The autorotation then becomes an aerobatic maneuver when z. B. at high altitude in inverted flight, the main engine is switched off or switched to idle, the model helicopter is intercepted a few meters above the ground, rotated with a roller and landed safely.
In the case of autorotation, the potential energy from the flight altitude is used to build up speed ( kinetic energy ), with the help of which the rotor blades remain in a state of rotation. This is necessary because a minimum rotor speed is required to safely control the helicopter . A lot of experience is required to perform this maneuver, as either too high or too low a speed can lead to the model crashing. To build up the falling speed in a controlled manner, the main rotor blades are turned negatively at the beginning of the maneuver (negative pitch). The interception (break) takes place just above the ground by pulling the pitch (positive pitch) with a slightly pulled nick. The interception is sometimes referred to as flare (flare) , respectively. This released energy is almost completely used up when the helicopter is intercepted and is therefore only available to the pilot once per autorotation maneuver. If the helicopter fails to intercept, the only way to avoid a crash is to reactivate the main engine immediately and pull the pitch. For a further autorotation it is also necessary to switch on the motor in order to gain altitude again.
Correct timing is crucial for the maneuver. In addition, the speed of the rotor must neither be too high nor too low when performing the autorotation, as this can negatively affect the falling speed of the model, which in turn can have a negative effect on the feasibility of the autorotation maneuver. A flight angle that is too shallow has also proven to be counterproductive - the model then flies in a critical area in which an autorotation maneuver is hardly possible.
landing
Landing completes the flight process. The model must be brought towards the ground at the lowest possible speed in forwards or backwards flight while reducing the pitch control function. Too high a speed during this maneuver can lead to the fact that the model cannot reduce the excess speed due to the ground contact and tip over in the direction of flight. Lateral flight maneuvers should also be avoided, as the model could tilt and tip over on contact with the ground, which would cause almost certain damage. Ideally, the model is brought against the wind with a steady decrease in flight altitude towards the ground. Shortly before touchdown, the swashplate with the pitch function should be moved back a little - but care should be taken that the tail unit is not tilted too much towards the ground, otherwise the entire helicopter may be accidentally caused by the unintentional contact with the ground Contact is shaken. Immediately before touchdown, the pitch can be reduced even more so that the helicopter's runners glide slowly onto the ground - the landing is successful.
Competitions
In competitions, flight maneuvers are usually given that must be carried out by the model airplane pilot in order to achieve a certain rating, e.g. B. in the form of points and point sums. Furthermore, in other types of competition it can be crucial to master certain flight maneuvers perfectly in order to get the highest possible competition rating. Below are a few competitions in which flight maneuvers with the model play an essential role:
Compulsory figure class F3C
In the F3C class, both helicopter models with an electric drive and with a combustion engine are approved. There are different leagues, e.g. B. German Bundesliga and the German Sports Cup. World championships are also held in this class. In 2009 these took place at the AMA Headquarters (Academy of Model Aeronautics) in Muncie (USA). The following - new - flight programs have been part of the F3C class since 2010:
Preliminary flights program P
| P1.) Figure M with half pirouettes | P6.) Cobra roll with flip pressed |
| P2.) Semicircle with pirouette | P7.) Half-flip candle |
| P3.) Diamond 3 | P8.) Two 2-point rollers opposite to each other |
| P4.) Kubanacht with 2/4 point rolls | P9.) Looping with 360 ° pirouette |
| P5.) Pullback with roller backwards | P10.) Autorotation with two 90 ° curves |
Flight program F (Final Flights)
| F1.) Circle with 360 ° pirouette | F6.) Cobra roll with pirouette |
| F2.) Inverted triangle 2 | F7.) Two loops with half rolls |
| F3.) Oval 1 | F8.) Pressed flip with half rolls |
| F4.) Kuba night with flip | F9.) Vertical 540 ° flip |
| F5.) Pullback with three half loops and two turns | F10.) S-autorotation |
Compulsory figure class F3N
The following maneuvers must be flown in this compulsory figure class:
| 1.) downturn | 11.) Outside looping with half rolls | 21.) Back autorotation | 31.) Roll circle backwards |
| 2.) Back hover flight | 12.) Inverted flight eight | 22.) Reverse inverted flight eight | 32.) Wipperl with 270 ° turns |
| 3.) Inside looping | 13.) Knife flight pirouette backwards | 23.) Circle of roles | 33.) 4 times tictoc (2-fold) |
| 4.) Back pirouette | 14.) 4 half rollover forward | 24.) 4 rainbows with ½ rolls | 34.) Roll (stationary roller circle) |
| 5.) Reverse circle | 15.) Sideways looping | 25.) Funnel | 35.) Boarian diamond |
| 6.) Double Immelmann | 16.) Tic-Toc | 26.) Snake | 36.) Pirouette funnel |
| 7.) 2-time role | 17.) 0 ° turn with half roll | 27.) Back pirouette circle | 37.) Funnel with half rolls |
| 8.) Roll back 2 times | 18.) Looping backwards | 28.) 3-fold pirouette flip | 38.) Biertrag'l |
| 9.) 4-time role | 19.) 360 ° turn with roller | 29.) Pirouette looping | 39.) Pirouette TicToc |
| 10.) Backward eight | 20.) 4-time roll backwards | 30.) Kuba night backwards | 40.) Pirouetting Globe |
Compulsory figure class F4H (Switzerland)
The compulsory figure class F4H is a type of competition that is held by the Swiss Model Flight Association and for which only scale models powered by electric, piston combustion / turbine engines are permitted. The competition is divided into two assessment disciplines: On the one hand, there is a construction assessment of the model with which the participant entered the competition. The model, which was modeled after a certain man-carrying helicopter, should match in as many details as possible. For this, the participant must hand over images of the prototype, as well as color proofs and airspeed proofs to the competition jury. The second examination discipline includes certain flight maneuvers, which consist of a compulsory program and an optional program and for which no electronic stabilization systems may be used. These are in detail:
| 1.) Start | 4.) Approach and landing | 7.) Elective figure |
| 2.) Straight flight | 5.) Elective figure | 8.) Elective figure |
| 3.) Circular flight (right or left) | 6.) Elective figure | 9.) Elective figure |
The electoral figures, in turn, consist of the following flight maneuvers:
| 1.) "Mountain landing" | 7.) Process curve | 13.) Rescue |
| 2.) Quick stop | 8.) Elevated reversal curve (wingover) | 14.) Cargo flight |
| 3.) Tail circle | 9.) Triangle flight | 15.) Lighting |
| 4.) Hover M | 10.) Square flight | 16.) Stopover |
| 5.) Obstacle flight | 11.) People / material transport | 17.) Extinguishing exercise |
| 6.) Horizontal eight | 12.) Invisible flight with emergency ascent |
In addition to the flight maneuvers, the flight pattern and, in particular, the flight behavior to be simulated from the prototype are also evaluated. The difficulty for the participant is to move the model weighing up to 29 kg without using electronic stability and flight attitude aids so sensitively that it corresponds to the very sluggish flight behavior of the prototype, with a mostly machine-related excess power of the drive unit. The following is therefore assessed as being true to the original in flight:
- • Drive noise
- • Flown speed of the model
- • Flight stability and trimming of the model
- • Figure size and elegance
When selecting the flight figures, the participant must prove that and how they correspond to the prototype.
Compulsory figure class F5C
Only model aircraft with an electric motor are permitted in class F5C. Furthermore, only 6 of the total of 18 maneuvers of the F5C class have to be flown, but at least 2 from each list. This means that you can choose any 3 figures from list 1 and 2, or 4 figures from one and 2 from the other.
List 1
List 1 of the F5C class only contains floating figures.
| 1.) Hover, 5 seconds | 4.) Hover-M | 7.) Pirouette |
| 2.) Hovering sideways | 5.) Vertical triangle | 8.) Four-point pirouette |
| 3.) Tail rotor circle | 6.) Knot | 9.) Nose circle |
List 2
The aerobatic figures are listed in list 2 of the F5C class.
| 1.) Horizontal flight | 4.) Landing with a 180 ° turn | 7.) Autorotation |
| 2.) Full circle, radius 25 m | 5.) Pushover | 8.) role |
| 3.) Looping | 6.) Split-S | 9.) Autorotation with 180 ° curve |
Speedcups
Competitive events in which the final speeds of the model aircraft compete with each other are relatively new. Such an event can be divided into several types of competition:
Dragraces / pylon racing
In drag races, at least two helicopters compete against each other at the same time and have to cover a certain distance with the model within the framework of the competition specifications. The winner is the one who first covered this distance with his model. A straight line does not necessarily have to be flown as a competition route - the competition framework can also specify several route segments that can contain different figures that have to be flown one after the other. In this case, it is important to use the speed in a dosed manner so that the sections of the route can be completed as quickly as possible without having to cover time or additional distance through additional braking or drifting distances. Two racing segments in opposite directions are therefore also conceivable; the opponents fly here z. B. up to a pylon or other path marking, complete a tight curve, or brake and then turn the model in the opposite direction of flight in order to then reach the destination.
Top speed competitions
In this type of competition, the opponents usually fly one after the other and must have accelerated your model as quickly as possible at a certain (measuring) point, since a speed measurement is carried out at this point. Most of the time, the pilot has the option of making a limited number of flight attempts - at the end the average speed is determined, which allows a ranking of the opponents. The turn at the beginning and at the end of the competitive attempt has proven to be an excellent flight maneuver for a good increase in speed . Since this flight maneuver also includes a dive, a lot of speed can be built up here, which in the ideal case is the maximum speed (V max ) at the measuring point . With appropriately equipped models, speeds of 316 km / h can be achieved.
Indoor course
Indoor courses are comparable to pylon racing . However, the track segments are located in a building or a large hall. Indoor flying has the great advantage that it is independent of the weather and that no winds have a negative impact on the flight behavior of the model helicopter. However, indoor courses also require better flying skills, as not only the hall ceiling limits the flight height, but also many spectators are close to the action. In some indoor competitions, however, it is not just the time to master the course that is decisive, but rather the exact execution of the specified maneuvers in the correct order within the specified flight route.
Another variant of an indoor course deals with the bursting of balloons with the main rotor of the model helicopter. With this variant, balloons are placed on poles or bars at different heights in the hall. The pilot must now touch the balloons with the rotor blade tips as quickly as possible, so that the touched balloon bursts. When all balloons are destroyed, the task is considered to have been accomplished. The pilot must be able to perform the “hovering flight” maneuver well in this task, as the rotor blades may touch the balloons, but never the installed rods, which would otherwise lead to a crash. This task is now also used in many flight simulators, so that the corresponding flight maneuvers can also be trained on the computer screen.
Rescue Cups
Rescue cups are usually flown with mini-class coaxial helicopters. A specific structure is attached to these helicopters, the so-called rescue unit, which can activate the five functions for extinguishing and rescuing by means of another onboard, lightweight micro-servo motor. A rubber band under tension is fired for extinguishing - for rescue, magnetic cones on a thread must be placed or picked up. For the task of the Cup, a model high-rise building with four openings within a window front painted on there and now also a model hospital is required. The difficulty of this cup is not only having to concentrate on the flight position of the helicopter, but also on the position in relation to the model building and on the position of objects carried or to be picked up. The flight maneuvers of the Rescue Cup are given as follows:
- Start from the rescue base to the high-rise window front
- Extinguishing the "fire" in the open windows of the high-rise building by shooting rubber bands
- Return flight to the rescue base, landing and picking up a rescuer
- Approach to the high-rise and abseil the rescuer over the roof of the high-rise
- Placing the rescuer on the rope in a skylight of the high-rise building and picking up a person to be evacuated
- Dropping the rescuer and the evacuated person in the hospital
- Rescue another person from the roof of the skyscraper
- Dropping this other evacuated person in front of the hospital
- Return to the rescue base and refuel.
Afterwards, the points determined for completed tasks are added up.
In addition to the “high-rise” rescue scenario, the “mountain” (mountain rescue) and “water” (sea rescue) scenarios will provide variety in these competitions in the near future.
Helistunts
Heli stunts are a special form of flight maneuvers with the model helicopter . In doing so, aggravating circumstances are consciously accepted in order to survive special situations with the helicopter and in particular to protect the model from a crash or total loss with professionally flown flight maneuvers. Sometimes certain flight maneuvers are required in order to get the flight model in a certain starting position from which the stunt is initiated. In the model flight scene, especially around these unusual flight maneuvers, the stunt people (also called stunt pilots) from Heligraphix have stood out, who have performed the following stunts, which they call "Madness", with model helis:
- Dragraces against ICE train, sports boat and propeller boat
- Aerobatics of two helicopters tied against each other
- Figure skating a helicopter
- Flight through water jet from a fire hose
- Feeding a camel and a caiman by helicopter
- Desert dune skiing and house wall skiing with the helicopter
- Start on a vertical wall
- Landing upside down on the ceiling
- Rotortennis and rotor table tennis
- Skateboarding with a helicopter
- Flight on truck bed while driving
- World Scenic Flights
Heligraphix is the world record holder for the stunts based on aerobatic maneuvers listed below:
- December 2002: First ceiling landing in the world
- March 2004: Highest g load of an R / C helicopter: over 50 g
- April 2004: First wall launch in the world
- June 2005: First wall landing in the world
- September 2005: First rocket-propelled helicopter
- 2007/2008: " World Scenic Flights " - Circumnavigating the world in a model helicopter, the largest project in model sports history to date
See also
- Aerobatics
- Aerial combat maneuvers
- Aresti symbol
- World Scenic Flights , around the world in a model helicopter - an award-winning short film by the film and stunt team HeliGraphix
Videos of flight maneuvers
A smooth start and a quick start maneuver
One single and one double pirouette while hovering
Inverted flight maneuvers down to ground level by competition pilot Matt Finke
The flight maneuver Turn
Funnel flown by competition pilot Thomas Böseler interspersed with a few pirouettes
Almost square loop flown by competition pilot Matt Finke
Speed flight with 133.5 km / h top speed
Record flight from 2009 by competition pilot Jan Henseleit with a top speed of 233 km / h
Autorotation maneuvers from great heights (flown by competitive pilot Robert Sixt)
Landing maneuvers forwards and backwards
A complete musical freestyle similar to a competition flight flown by competition pilot Robert Sixt
Individual references / comments
- ↑ Every normal art or 3D pilot starts from the ground. The stunt pilots of the HeliGraphix pilots who are well-known in the helicopter scene often try to perform unusual flight maneuvers. This also included starting from a vertical wall or starting by dropping an RC model helicopter from a flying man-carrying helicopter.
- ↑ Presented by HeliGraphix front man Tobias Wagner in the "yellow pages" of the trade journal ROTOR, July 2011 edition
- ↑ 45 ° angle of inclination for the Tic-Toc figure according to the F3N compulsory competition figure catalog no.16
- ↑ autorotation . (English, online article [accessed on June 22, 2009] Instructions for autorotation for model helicopters). Online article ( Memento of the original from June 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ A number behind the respective flight figure indicates the specified flight altitude - "Oval 1" means that the flight figure must be started or flown at a height of 1 m.
- ↑ The model helicopter pilot Robert Sixt flew the exceptional speed of 316 km / h with his model Henseleit Three Dee / Velocity at the Pöting Speed Cup in 2014
- ↑ Heligraphix - Start from the wall (video on YouTube)
- ↑ Heligraphix - landing under the ceiling (video on YouTube)
- ↑ Heligraphix - Flight on the loading area of a moving truck (video on YouTube)
- ↑ Heligraphix - World Scenic Flights (video on YouTube)
- ↑ Heligraphix homepage, menu item "General Info about Heligraphix"
- ↑ The film project was awarded the Blue Danube Award in 2009 at the SILA-Fest International Tourfilm Festival in Serbia. (Source: ROTOR edition 12/2009)
- ↑ Matt Finke is the team leader of the Henseleit flight team and takes part in competitions such as B. the Pöting Speed Cup
- ↑ Robert Sixt is an F3C and F3N pilot and regularly takes part in competitions such as the Munich Heli Masters, the Pöting Speed Cup and German championships. He is multiple German champion and is listed among the 10 best pilots in most competitions.
literature
- Russ Deakin: Aerobatics with model helicopters . Verlag für Technik und Handwerk, Baden-Baden 2005, ISBN 3-88180-737-3 (FMT reference book).
- Dave Day: Flying School for RC Helicopter Pilots . 7th edition. Verlag für Technik und Handwerk, Baden-Baden 2005, ISBN 3-88180-408-0 (FMT reference book).
- Georg rods: DMFV Heli-Primer . Ed .: German Model Aviation Association. Wellhausen & Marquart, Hamburg.
- Jörk Hennek: Cool Moves Vol. 1 . Wellhausen & Marquart, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-939806-05-9 .