Fluralans

Structural formula
Structural formula without stereochemistry
General
Non-proprietary name	Fluralans
other names	4 - [(5 RS ) -5- (3,5-dichlorophenyl) -4,5-dihydro-5-trifluoromethyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] - N - [2-oxo-2- (2 , 2,2-trifluoroethylamino) ethyl] - o -toluamide 4- [5- (3,5-dichlorophenyl) -4,5-dihydro-5- (trifluoromethyl) -3-isoxazolyl] -2-methyl- N - {2-oxo-2 - [(2.2.2 -trifluoroethyl) amino] ethyl} benzamide
Molecular formula	C 22 H 17 Cl 2 F 6 N 3 O 3
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 864731-61-3 EC number 689-035-6 ECHA InfoCard 100.215.812 PubChem 25144319 Wikidata Q18326579
Drug information
ATC code	Q P53BX05
Drug class	Antiparasitic
Mechanism of action	Inhibition of chloride channels
properties
Molar mass	556.3 g · mol -1
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution H and P phrases H: 410 P: ?
Toxicological data	2000 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Fluralaner is a synthetic insecticide and acaricide from the isoxazoline group . In Germany it is approved for combating fleas and ticks in dogs and cats as well as red mites in domestic chickens.

Areas of application

The efficacy (immediate killing effect) after administration is by the manufacturer for the dog with at least twelve weeks ( fleas , Ixodes Ricinus , marsh tick , Dermacentor variabilis ) or eight weeks ( brown dog tick specified). It can also be used in puppies, in pregnant and lactating bitches, and in animals with MDR1 defects . Studies have also shown good treatment results for demodicosis and mange with a single dose .

In cats, Fluralaner can be used from the age of eleven weeks and a body weight> 1.2 kg.

In domestic chickens, the active ingredient is administered twice in the drinking water to pullets, laying hens and parent animals.

In addition, the active ingredient has also been used successfully to combat Psoroptes cuniculi in rabbits and against mites of the genus Caparinia in white-bellied hedgehogs.

Mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics

The active ingredient antagonistically inhibits chloride channels by binding to GABA and glutamate receptors in the arthropods' nervous system, but not in the mammalian nervous system. This leads to a spastic paralysis of the parasite.

Fluralaner is quickly absorbed when ingested and accumulates in adipose tissue as well as in the liver, kidneys and muscles. There should be a period of at least eight weeks between administrations. In cats, the active ingredient is administered as a spot-on and absorbed through the skin. The plasma half-life is about twelve days. The main route of elimination is unchanged elimination with the faeces.

For domestic chickens there is a waiting period of 14 days for edible tissues , there is no waiting period for eggs.

Side effects

In clinical studies, mild and transient gastrointestinal effects such as diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite and increased salivation were often observed.

In addition, very rare cases (<1 in 10,000 cases) of cramps and lethargy have been reported.

Trade names

Bravecto , Exzolt

literature

• Heide Dongus: Bravecto - new oral flea and tick control in dogs with effectiveness for up to twelve weeks . In: Kleintiermedizin 17 (2014), pp. 145–149.
• Heike Dongus: Bravecto for the cat: Innovative tick and flea control with 12 weeks effectiveness. In: Kleintiermedizin 4-2016, pp. 196-198.

Web links

• EU approval

Individual evidence

1. ↑ There is not yet a harmonized classification for this substance . A labeling of 4- [5- (3,5-dichlorophenyl) -5- (trifluoromethyl) -4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -2-methyl is shown, which is derived from a self-classification by the distributor -N- {2-oxo-2 - [(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) amino] ethyl} be in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on April 16, 2018.
2. ↑ parasitipedia: Fluralaner
3. ↑ Josephus J. Fourie et al .: Efficacy of orally administered fluralaner (BravectoTM) or topically applied imidacloprid / moxidectin (Advocate®) against generalized demodicosis in dogs . In: Parasites & Vectors . tape 8 , 2015, p. 187 , doi : 10.1186 / s13071-015-0775-8 , PMID 25881320 , PMC 4394402 (free full text).
4. ^ Camillo Romero et al .: Efficacy of fluralaner in 17 dogs with sarcoptic mange. In: Vet. Dermatol. Volume 27, Issue 5, 2016, pp. 353-e88.
5. ↑ G. Sheinberg et al .: Use of oral fluralaner for the treatment of Psoroptes cuniculi in 15 naturally infested rabbits. In: Vet. Dermatol. Volume 28, 2017, pp. 393-395.
6. ↑ Camillo Romero et al .: Fluralaner as a single dose oral treatment for Caparina tripillis in a pygmy African hedgehog. In: Vet. Dermatol. Volume 28, May 2017, pp. 1–5.
7. ^ European Medicines Agency - Veterinary medicines - Exzolt. Accessed April 6, 2018 . 
8. ↑ Products | Bravecto® chewable tablet | Overview. Retrieved April 6, 2018 .