François-Victor Bally

François-Victor Bally 1775-1866

François-Victor Bally (born April 22, 1775 in Beaurepaire , † April 21, 1866 in Salon ) was a French doctor.

Live and act

In 1792 Bally became a student in the Grenoble Military Hospital and a surgeon in the Army outpatient departments. In 1794 he took a leave of absence in order to obtain a doctorate in Montpellier . He was then a doctor in the army in Italy, where he attended the Battle of Marengo and worked in the hospitals of Antibes and Toulon . Sent from Toulon to the army in Spain, he was promoted to head of the military hospital in Valladolid and then in Portugal to chief physician in the army corps of General Leclerc , with whom he embarked on an expedition to Saint-Domingue in 1802/03 .

Saint-Domingue 1802

Auguste Raffet (1804–1860) 1839: The Battle of the Crête-à-Pierrot 1802

The aim of the Leclerc expedition was to overthrow the black general Toussaint Louverture and to reintroduce slavery in Saint-Domingue. However, his army was wiped out by yellow fever and many soldiers, including General Leclerc, died as a result of the disease in 1802. Leclerc's successor General Rochambeau tried in vain by cruelty to subjugate the island's population. His decimated army had to surrender to the black general Jean-Jacques Dessalines . On the way back to France, Rochambeau and his crew were captured by a British squadron and brought to England. Bally was a prisoner of the English for a short time on the Caribbean island.

In Saint-Domingue, Bally had studied the yellow fever outbreak. In addition to examining the sick, he also carried out many autopsies on those who had died of yellow fever. Here he met his colleague André François (1775–1840) from Sens , with whom he later worked in Barcelona. After his release from English captivity, Bally returned to France via Havana, the USA and Holland.

Spain 1804/05, 1821

Table on the yellow fever epidemic in Spain in 1804. From: Du typhus d'Amérique, ou de la fièvre jaune. Paris 1814

In 1805 he was sent for six months to research in the coastal cities of Spain that had been ravaged by yellow fever. From Barcelona to Gibraltar, a million people fell victim to the disease within five years.

In the summer of 1821, the epidemic again invaded Barcelona and the French government feared it could spread to the port cities of Marseille and Sète . The Ministry of the Interior named Étienne Pariset and André Mazet (1793-1821), who had observed the yellow fever epidemic in Cadiz in 1819 , and André François (1775-1840) and Bally as members of a commission that ran from September 28, 1821 to February 1822 Studied disease in Barcelona. André Mazet contracted yellow fever and died in Barcelona. Bally, Francois and Pariset were showered with honors on their return to Paris: Knights of the Legion of Honor , Knights of the Ordre de Saint-Michel , Knights of the Order of Charles III. and bearer of the Ferdinand order . In addition, they each received a life pension of 3,000 francs.

Cholera in France 1832

In the 1820s, Bally was a doctor at the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière and the Hôpital Cochin . From 1831 he was a doctor at the Hôtel-Dieu (Paris) , where he also experienced the Paris cholera epidemic of 1832. After the epidemic in Paris subsided, he followed its course by traveling around the country.

Infection mode

On his return from America in 1803, Bally interpreted yellow fever as a disease caused by miasms .

However, after studying the waves of infection on the Spanish Mediterranean coast, he came to the conclusion in 1814:

"... that the disease is very often contagious , but not always."

Only the observations made during the Barcelona epidemic in 1821 made him a staunch contagionist:

“… In our dispute the evidence for the following assertions can be found, namely: that the yellow fever is caused by a communicable poison, which contains humans, the common things, the merchants and the limited atmosphere which surrounds the infection source. ... "

“… As for the causes, we must admit that researching them is one of the most rocky parts of our work; because as far as Barcelona is concerned, they are all only presumed. Only the importation and regeneration of a more widespread miasm is clearly shown. ... "

His suggestion to call the disease "Typhus-miasmatique-ataxique-putride-jaune" was not heeded.

Works

• Mémoire sur la fièvre jaune. Paris 1803
• Opinion on the contagion de la fièvre jaune. In: Revue médicale 1810
• You typhus d'Amérique, ou de la fièvre jaune. Paris 1814 (digitized version)
• Histoire médicale de la fièvre jaune, observée en Espagne et particulièrement en Catalogne, dans l'année 1821; par Bally, François, Pariset . Colas, Paris 1823 (digitized version) (digitized version)
  • Medical history of yellow fever observed in Spain and especially in Catalonia in 1821 by Messrs. Bally, François and Pariset. Translated from the French by A. Liman . Voss, Berlin 1824 (digitized version)
• Report fait au Conseil supérieur de santé sur la fièvre jaune qui a régné au port du Passage, en 1823. F. Didot, Paris 1824 (digitized)
• Études sur la choladrée lymphatique ou choléra india, et sur la fièvre jaune. Didot frères, Paris, Volume I, 1833 (digitized version) Volume II, 1835 (digitized version)

literature

• Évariste Bertulus. Le Dr Bally, médecin en chef de l'Expédition de Saint-Domingue ... Marius Olive, Marseille 1866 (digitized)
• Amédée Dechambre . Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales . - [série 1], tome 8, BAA - AT. G. Masson and P. Asselin, Paris 1876. pp. 306–308 (digitized version )
• Ernst Julius Gurlt . Victor-François Bally . In: Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Leipzig 1884, Volume I, pp. 274–275 (digitized version )
• August Hirsch . Handbook of historical-geographical pathology. 2nd edition Volume I, Enke, Stuttgart 1881, pp. 223–278 (digitized version )
• Pierre Adolphe Piorry. Notice biographique sur le docteur Victor Bally . Baillière, Paris 1866 (digitized version)
• H. Harold Scott. A history of tropical medicine. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1942, Volume I, pp. 279–453: Yellow fever (digitized)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Étienne Pariset and André Mazet. Observations sur la fièvre jaune à Cadix en 1819. Audot, Paris 1820 (digitized version)
2. ^ Meyranx: Observations sur l'acupuncture, faites à l'hôpital de la Pitié, sous les yeux de M. Bally, et quelques réflexions sur sa manière d'agir. In: Archives générales de médecine. Volume VII, 1825, pp. 231–249 (digitized version )
3. ↑ Bally and Meyranx. You Galvanisme médical; par le docteur Bailly, médecin de la Pitié, et par le docteur Meyranx . In: Archives générales de médecine. Volume IX 1825, pp. 66–80 (digitized version )
4. ^ Mémoire sur l'emploi thérapeutique du galvanisme dans plusieurs maladies (Clinique de la Pitié) by MM. V. Bally et Meyranx . In: Revue médicale , Paris 1825, Volume 4, pp. 41–58
5. ↑ Hyacinthe Bauquier. Clinique de MV Bally, membre résident de la société de médecine dans les hôpitaux de Cochin et de la Pitié pendant le dernier trimestre de 1826. (digitized) ... p. 1.… Le nombre de malades que j'ai pu observer à la Pitié, surpasse trois cents; à l'hôpital Cochin, le service de M. Bally comprend quatre-vingt lits (The number of sick people that I was able to observe in the Pitié exceeds three hundred; M. Bally looks after 80 beds in the Hôpital Cochin.)
6. ↑ Henri Ripault. Quelques réflexions sur le Choléra's disease, observé à l'Hôtel-Dieu de Paris dans le médical de M. Bally . Baillière, Paris 1832 (digitized version)
7. ^ François-Victor Bally. You typhus d'Amérique, ou de la fièvre jaune. Paris 1814, p. XII
8. ^ Medical history of yellow fever, which was observed in Spain and especially in Catalonia in 1821 by Messrs. Bally, François and Pariset. Translated from the French by A. Liman, Voss, Berlin 1824. S. V
9. ^ Medical history of yellow fever, which was observed in Spain and especially in Catalonia in 1821 by Messrs. Bally, François and Pariset. Translated from the French by A. Liman, Voss, Berlin 1824. S. IX
10. ^ Dictionnaire des sciences médicales. Volume 15. Panckoucke, Paris 1816, p. 376 (digitized version)