Étienne Pariset

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Étienne Pariset (born August 5, 1770 in Grand , Département Vosges , † July 3, 1847 in Paris ) was a French doctor and founder of the Société protectrice des animaux .

Étienne Pariset

Live and act

He was born in Grand in the Vosges, the son of a nail smith , cloutier . He had three siblings. At the age of six he was welcomed to Nantes by his paternal uncle, François Pariset, a wig maker and perfumer , where he attended school and took over his uncle's business at the age of eleven. At the age of 18, his uncle let him go to college for two years .

Pariset received a scholarship and was able to begin studying medicine in Paris. However, he was forced to work as a librarian for financial reasons. In 1792 he was recruited by the army and joined the Armée du Nord as a lieutenant . In 1793 he left the army and returned to Nantes. Returned there are indications that he was involved in the uprising of the Vendée until 1794 . In the same year he went to Paris. Here again threatened by poverty, Jean Honoré Riouffe (1764–1813) a. a. by finding a tutor in the Pourrat family in Paris. Through Riouffe he also came into contact with his future wife.

On October 24, 1802, he married Elisabeth Marthe Josephine Yvon, daughter of a doctor from the Seine-et-Oise department and widow of Seraphin Cadiou de Courmont, an officer who died at the age of forty-seven. The widow had a daughter Luce Elisabeth Cadiou de Courmont from her first marriage. The joint daughter Stéphanie Josephine Pariset emerged from the connection with Étienne Pariset. In 1805 he finished his medical studies with a doctorate dissertation sur les hemorrhagies utérines and began to work in psychiatry. At that time he regularly visited the salon and company of Madame Helvetius in Auteuil , where he met many writers and scholars such as Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis , Anthelme Richerand and Jean-Louis Alibert .

In May 1814 he moved to the Hôpital de Bicètre , in 1819, after the death of François Hebréard (1775–1818) , he took over the management of the department for mental illnesses. In January 1826 he started working at the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière , where Jean-Étienne Esquirol won him over for the treatment of the mentally ill. His medical interest was also in epidemiology . Like Philippe Pinel and Esquirol, he defended the reformist camp, the so-called “liberation of the mentally ill from their chains”. For example, he resisted the methods of shock therapy and advocated humane treatment of insanity . He participated together with Pinel, Esquirol and Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard in the commission for the improvement of the lot of the insane, commission pour l'amélioration du sort des aliénés .

Since November 7, 1842 he was a member of the Académie des Sciences . On December 2, 1845, Pariset founded the Société protectrice des animaux .

He spent his twilight years in Mont Buisson de Luciennes (now Louveciennes near Versailles ).

Grave of Etienne Pariset

He died on Saturday, July 3rd, 1847 at his home in Paris and was buried on Thursday, July 8th. His friend, the French physician Joseph-Henri Réveillé-Parise (1782–1852), gave a funeral oration with the following words:

"La mort t'a frappé comme homme, mais ton esprit, ton intelligence, tés travaux, la plus belle partie de toi-même, vivront à jamais dans les fastes de la Science."

"Death hit you as a person, but your soul, your intelligence, your work, the most beautiful parts of yourself, will live on in science forever."

- JH Réveillé-Parise

His grave is in the Paris Père Lachaise Cemetery in the 27th Division.

Scientific achievements

On November 3, 1819 to February 26, 1820, Pariset was ordered to Cádiz in Spain on behalf of the French government to study the outbreak of a yellow fever epidemic . The yellow fever epidemic had been rampant in southern Spain since the summer of 1819, reaching its maximum intensity of illness in September and disappearing with the advent of the winter months. The French health authorities were concerned that the epidemic could spread to Bordeaux, for example. François Guizot , at that time French director general of the interior ministry, directeur général des communes et départements au ministère de l'Intérieur , commissioned E. Pariset and Andre Mazet (1793-1821) to travel to Spain. Both arrived in Cadiz on December 2, 1819. François Guizot lost his position with the fall of Élie Decazes in 1820, who was also involved in these measures.

From September 28, 1821 to February 1822, he moved again to Barcelona , on behalf of the French government, to scientifically monitor a yellow fever epidemic . In 1828 he was commissioned to investigate plague epidemics in Egypt and Syria. His mission in Egypt lasted two years, from August 5, 1828 to May 10, 1830. He researched the plague, suspected the disease could be transmitted by contagion and pointed out the need, in modern terms, to disinfect and decontaminate products and goods down. In Egypt he often met Jean-François Champollion , who was taking part in an expedition. During a stay in Paris, Pariset met the physician and anthropologist Franz Ignaz Pruner , with whom he aroused a lasting interest in the Orient.

Works (selection)

  • Observations sur la fièvre jaune, faites à Cadix, en 1819. Paris 1820 (online) .
  • Mémoire sur les causes de la peste et sur les moyens de la détruire. Baillière, Paris 1837.

literature

  • George, D. Sussman: Étienne Pariset: A Medical Career in Government under the Restoration. In: J Hist Med Allied Sci. (1971) XXVI (1), pp. 52-74
  • Nicholaas A. Rupke (Ed.): Vivisection in historical perspective. Croom Helm, London 1987, ISBN 0-7099-4236-2 .
  • Donna Yarri: The Ethics of Animal Experimentation: A Critical Analysis and Constructive Christian Proposal. Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-518179-4 .
  • Kathleen Kete: The Beast in the Boudoir: Petkeeping in Nineteenth-Century Paris. University of California Press, Berkeley 1994, ISBN 0-520-07101-8 .
  • Jacqueline Lalouette: Vivisektion et en France au antivivisection XIXe siècle. Ethnology française. Presses universitaires de France, Paris 1990.
  • Ceri Crossley: Consumable Metaphors: Attitudes towards Animals and Vegetarianism in Nineteenth-Century France. In: French Studies of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Vol. 17, Oxford 2005.
  • P. Eliott: Vivisection and the emergence of experimental physiology in nineteenth-century France. In: NA Rupke (Ed.): Vivisection in historical perspective. Beckenham, Kent 1987, pp. 14-77.
  • Georges Fleury: La belle histoire de la SPA: de 1845 à nos jours. Grasset, 1995, ISBN 2-246-49631-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ George D. Sussman: Étienne Pariset: A Medical Career in Government under the Restoration. In: J Hist Med Allied Sci. (1971) XXVI (1), p. 59.
  2. ↑ ETIENNE PARISET (1770-1847). In: professeurs-medecine-nancy.fr. Retrieved December 25, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Short biography of Michael Kairo (2008) (French)
  4. ↑ Magdalena Frühinsfeld: Brief outline of psychiatry. In: Anton Müller. First insane doctor at the Juliusspital in Würzburg: life and work. A short outline of the history of psychiatry up to Anton Müller. Medical dissertation Würzburg 1991, p. 9–80 ( Brief outline of the history of psychiatry ) and 81–96 ( History of psychiatry in Würzburg to Anton Müller ), p. 70.
  5. ^ Directory of members since 1666: Letter P. Académie des sciences, accessed on January 31, 2020 (French).
  6. ^ Official website of the SPA ( Memento of October 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (French)
  7. ^ Pierre-Louis Laget: La fondation des lazarets et la peste d'Orient. (French)
personal data
SURNAME Pariset, Etienne
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor
DATE OF BIRTH August 5, 1770
PLACE OF BIRTH Grand
DATE OF DEATH July 3, 1847
Place of death Paris