Jean-Louis Alibert
Jean-Louis Marc Alibert (born May 2, 1768 in Villefranche-de-Rouergue (Aveyron), † November 4, 1837 in Paris ) was a French doctor.
Live and act
Alibert first studied literature in his place of birth in the college of the Order of Doctrinarians . Among his classmates and friends were Pierre Laromiguière , later a philosophy professor in Paris, and Abbé Sicard , later a pioneer in caring for the deaf and mute. After completing his basic studies, he began a two-year novitiate in the religious order of the Doctrinarier in Toulouse . When the order was dissolved in August 1792 in the course of the revolution, he decided to study medicine in Paris . During this time he made friends with Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis and Pierre Roussel , who introduced him to Madame Helvétius' salon . This salon was closed during the reign of terror (June 1793 - July 1794). After the salon reopened, Alibert also met the doctors Philippe Pinel , René Desgenettes , Anthelme Richerand , Guillaume Dupuytren , Gaspard Laurent Bayle and Joseph Récamier in the “ Auteuil Circle ” .
In February 1796 Alibert was admitted to study at the Paris École de santé, which was newly founded in 1794. Here he heard medical clinic with Jean-Nicolas Corvisart , psychiatry with Philippe Pinel and anatomy and surgery with Pierre-Joseph Desault and Xavier Bichat . In November 1799 he successfully defended his doctoral thesis with the title: "Dissertation sur les fièvres pernicieuses ou ataxiques intermittentes" ("On malignant or irregularly changing fever").
In 1815 Alibert became an advisory doctor, and in 1818 the king's first advisory doctor . In December 1820, the medical department of the Académie des Sciences accepted him. In April 1821 he was appointed officer of the Legion of Honor . Further offices were: 1821 professor of botany and 1823 professor for therapy and materia medica. In October 1827 he was knighted.
Skin diseases
In 1801 the committee of the Paris hospitals, which Cabanis also belonged to, appointed Alibert doctor at the Hôpital Saint-Louis . In this clinic, northeast of the center of Paris, mainly chronic and infectious diseases were treated. Here Alibert decided to make the field of skin diseases his main field of work. He was able to rely on preparatory work by Jean Astruc and Anne-Charles Lorry . Alibert is considered to be the founder of scientific dermatology in France. His attempt at a classificatory “nosology naturelle” of skin diseases is significant. In contrast to his English rival Robert Willan , who had taken the pathological anatomy as the basis for his system, Alibert preferred to stick to external appearance. Just as he had classified the diseases of the internal organs according to Jussieu's method in a review in 1817 , he used this system in 1832 to classify skin diseases. He divided them into families, genera, and species.
Materia Medica
He found a second major area of work in the area of materia medica . His Nouveaux éléments de thérapeutique et de matière médicale appeared from 1803 to 1826 in five revised editions. In this work, Alibert summarized what was known at the time about the remedies used in practice in clearly structured monographs. He lectured on the drug studies of Cullen , Hoffmann and Stahl , and added his own observations from the practice of the Hôpital Saint-Louis. The new knowledge about the chemistry of herbal drugs was also taken into account, such as the new discovery of an alkaloid ( narcotine ) by Charles Derosne . In addition to cauterization, he also counted moxibustion among the blistering agents ("epispastiques") . In the 5th edition from 1826 he treated the acupuncture practiced by Jules Cloquet in the Hôpital Saint-Louis . At the end of each monograph, he presented his assessment of the therapeutic benefit of the drug or the method described.
Works (selection)
- Dissertation on the fièvres pernicieuses ou ataxiques intermittentes.
- Crapart, Caille and Ravier, Thèse, Paris 1799 ( digitized ); 3rd edition 1804 ( digitized version )
- Nouveaux éléments de thérapeutique et de matière médicale. Suivis d'un nouvel essai sur l'art de formuler.
- Crapart, Paris Volume I 1803 ( digitized version ), Volume II 1804/05 ( digitized version )
- 2nd edition 1808, Volume I ( digitized version ), Volume II ( digitized version )
- 3rd edition 1814, Volume I ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive ), Volume II ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive )
- 4th edition 1817, Volume I ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive ), Volume II ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive )
- 5th edition 1826, Volume I ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive ), Volume II ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive ), Volume III ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive )
- Description of the maladies de la peau observés à l'hôpital Saint-Louis, et exposition des meilleures méthodes suivies pour leur traitement .
- Paris 1810-1818 (2nd edition 1825 Volume I ( digitized - Internet Archive ), Volume II ( digitized - Internet Archive ))
- Précis théorique et pratique sur les maladies de la peau.
- Barrois, Paris 1810, Volume I ( digitized version ), Volume II ( digitized version )
- Naturelle nosology, ou les maladies du corps humain distribuées par familles .
- Caille and Ravier, Paris 1817 ( digitized version )
- Physiology of the passion, ou nouvelle doctrine des sentimens moraux.
- Bechet, Paris 1825 Volume I ( digitized version ), Volume II ( digitized version ); 2nd edition 1927, Volume 1 ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive ), Volume 2 ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive ); 3rd edition 1937, volumes 1 and 2 ( digitized version - Internet Archive )
- Monograph des dermatoses ou précis théoretique et pratique des maladies de la peau .
- Dynac, Paris 1832 Volume I ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive ), Volume II ( Digitalisat - Internet Archive )
- Max Bloest (translator). Monograph of Dermatoses. Baron Alibert's lectures on skin diseases . Kollmann, Leipzig 1837 Volume I ( digitized version ), Volume II ( digitized version )
literature
- Karl Maximilian Andree . Latest condition of the more excellent hospitals and poor institutions in some of the main towns at home and abroad. JA Barth, Volume I, Leipzig 1810, pp. 159–176: St. Louis (digitized)
- Johann Heinrich Kopp . Medical remarks prompted by a trip to Germany and France in the spring and summer of 1824 . Hermann, Frankfurt 1825, p. 105 ff. Hôpital St. Louis ... Alibert (digital copy )
- E. Beaugrand: Jean-Louis Alibert. In: Amédée Dechambre. Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales . Volume 3, G. Masson and P. Asselin, Paris 1869. pp. 7–9 (digitized version)
- Ernst Julius Gurlt : Jean-Louis Alibert . In: Ernst Julius Gurlt and August Hirsch . Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Volume I, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig 1884, pp. 102-103 (digitized version )
- Jean Hewitt, Pierre Huard, Michael Jänner: Dermatology yesterday and today, with images from the time of Jean-Louis Alibert (1768–1837). Bad Oldesloe 1979.
- Albrecht Scholz: Alibert, Jean-Louis Marc. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 39.
Web links
- Entry at whonamedit.com (English)
- Works by and about Jean-Louis Alibert in the German Digital Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Prévost. L'Ecole de sante de Paris (1794-1809) . Paris 1901 (digitized)
- ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : Jean Louis Marc Baron Alibert, in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present , 3rd edition Springer Heidelberg, 2006, p. 7. Ärztelexikon 2006 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .
- ↑ Nosology naturelle ou les maladies du corps humain: distribuées par familles . Paris 1817
- ↑ Monograph des dermatoses ou précis théoretique et pratique des maladies de la peau . Paris 1832
- ^ Ernst Julius Gurlt : Jean-Louis Alibert . In: Ernst Julius Gurlt and August Hirsch . Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Volume I, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig 1884, pp. 102-103 (digitized version )
- ↑ Nouveaux éléments de thérapeutique et de matière médicale. Suivis d'un nouvel essai sur l'art de formuler. Crapart, Paris 1804/05, 1st edition, Volume II, pp. 475ff (digital version )
- ↑ 1st edition, Volume II, p. 312ff (digitized version )
- ↑ 5th edition 1826, Volume II, pp. 526-534 (digitized version )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Alibert, Jean-Louis |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Alibert, Jean-Louis Marc |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French medic |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 2, 1768 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Villefranche-de-Rouergue |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 4, 1837 |
| Place of death | Paris |