Guillaume Dupuytren

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Baron Guillaume Dupuytren

Guillaume Dupuytren (born October 5, 1777 in Pierre-Buffière near Limoges , † February 8, 1835 in Paris ) was a French surgeon .

biography

Dupuytren was born in Pierre-Buffière, a suburb of the city of Limoges. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste Dupuytren (* 1754), a lawyer at the Parliament of Bordeaux, and his wife Marguerite Faure, who had been married on January 9, 1776. Marie Dupuytren (1785–1861) and Émile Pierre Dupuytren (* 1791) are known from his siblings. His grandparents were the surgeon François Dupuytren (* 1725) and Marie Martin de Laubépie. In the early years of his life, he suffered dire conditions.

Dupuytren began school at the Collège de la Marche in Rue de la montagne Sainte-Geneviève. It was the time of the internal unrest in France - patrie en danger - and so Dupuytren's desire to join the military matured. Between 1789 and 1793 he accompanied an officer and studied in Paris at the Collège de Colonies. After completing his first training, which he began when he was twelve, the young Dupuytren definitely wanted to join the military. His father opposed this request and enrolled him in 1793 as an intern at the Hôpital Saint-Alexis de Limoges. But the 17-year-old Dupuytren prevailed and went to Paris, where he found support from the internist Auguste Thouret (1748–1810), the general inspector of hospitals, who was also around Dupuytren and Philibert-Joseph Roux (1780–1854) and Jean-Louis Alibert (1768–1837) took care of it. He studied medicine at the École de Santé. Dupuytren attended additional academic events in Paris, for example by Jean-Nicolas Corvisart and Alexis Boyer at the Hôpital de la Charité , attended courses with Philippe Pinel at the Hôpital de la Salpêtrière and with Georges Cuvier in the Jardin des Plantes .

With his dissertation Propositions sur quelques points d'anatomie, de physiologie, et d'anatomie pathologique he received his doctorate in Paris in 1803 .

Dupuytren's grave in the Pere Lachaise cemetery

The eldest daughter Adelaide of the Paris surgeon Alexis Boyer was Dupuytren's fiancée; but she decided on a colleague of Dupuytren's, the surgeon Philibert-Joseph Roux. Dupuytren, in turn, was married to Geneviève Eugénie Saint-Olive (1794–1866). They had a daughter, Adélaïde Geneviève Dupuytren (1810–1885).

In 1802 Dupuytren began working as a surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris , and in 1808 he was appointed assistant chief physician. As early as 1812 he received the chair of surgery from Raphael Bienvenu Sabatier (1732-1811) and in 1815 he succeeded Philippe-Jean Pelletan (1747-1829). Dupuytren ruthlessly fought alleged enemies with intrigue. He exercised care in dealing with the patient, his medical history and follow-up treatment. In addition to his hospital work, he is said to have treated up to 10,000 patients a year. With his high reputation he was personal physician of Louis XVIII. and Karl X.

In 1833 Dupuytren suffered a minimal stroke . To convalescence he interrupted his activities and went on a trip to Italy. After his return he practiced as a doctor again and also took up teaching. His health deteriorated further, and he died in 1835. His grave is in the eastern part of the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris , in the 38th Division.

In 1834 Dupuytren drew up a will and, in the event of his death, awarded 200,000 francs for the establishment of a new chair in pathological anatomy and the establishment of a museum ( Musée Dupuytren in Paris), to which he sent his extensive specimen collection. The holder of this chair became his friend and protégé , the pathologist and anatomist Jean Cruveilhier .

Since 1825 he was a member of the Académie des Sciences .

Scientific achievements

The pathologist, diagnostician and surgeon was personal surgeon Louis XVIII. and Charles X and from 1812 professor of operative surgery at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris . Because of his work in the field of vascular and extremity surgery, numerous medical terms and operations have been named after him. In 1832 he described the surgical treatment of Dupuytren's disease ( palmar fibromatosis ), a benign disease of the connective tissue of the palm of the hand.

Numerous doctors from Germany visited him, for example Himly around 1824, Baum in the summer of 1825 and Stromeyer in 1828.

"[...] rien n'est plus à redouter pour un homme que la médiocrité [...]"

- Guillaume Dupuytren

(Translated: Nothing should a man fear so much as mediocrity.)

Publications (selection)

literature

  • Jean Cruveilhier: La vie de Dupuytren. Bechet et Labé, Paris 1841.
  • Reinhart T. Grundmann: Baron Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835). "Qui bene iudicat, bene curat". Chirurgische Allgemeine , Volume 12, 11/12, 2011, pp. 688-694.
  • R. Villey, F. Brunet, G. Valette, et al .: Histoire de la Médicine, de la Pharmacie, de l'Art Dentaire Vétérinaire . Albin Michel-Laffont-Tchou, Paris 1978.
  • Russell Charles Maulitz: Morbid Appearances: The Anatomy of Pathology in the Early Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-52453-9 , p. 36.

Web links

Commons : Guillaume Dupuytren  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genealogy of the parents on geneanet.org
  2. ↑ Genealogy of the grandparents on geneanet.org
  3. ↑ Napoleon & Empire. Personalities of the consulate and empire on napoleon-empire.net
  4. ↑ cf. fontainesdefrance.info
  5. ↑ Genealogy at geneanet.org
  6. ↑ a b Wolfgang U. Eckart : Dupuytren, Baron Guillaume , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present , 3rd edition 2006 Springer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, New York p. 104. doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .
  7. ↑ The Musée Dupuytren is an anatomical-pathological museum whose exhibits provide information about diseases and malformations of the human and animal organism. It is located at 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, Les Cordeliers, Paris.
  8. ↑ Reinhart T. Grundmann: Baron Guillaume Dupuytren (1777–1835) "Qui bene iudicat, bene curat" CHAZ 12th year 11. + 12. Issue 2011, pp. 688-694.
  9. ↑ Georg Dhom: History of Histopathology. Springer 2001, ISBN 3-642-56794-0 , p. 22.
  10. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter D. Académie des sciences, accessed on November 9, 2019 (French).
personal data
SURNAME Dupuytren, Guillaume
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French medic
DATE OF BIRTH October 5, 1777
PLACE OF BIRTH Pierre-Buffière near Limoges
DATE OF DEATH February 8, 1835
Place of death Paris