Jean Cruveilhier

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Jean Cruveilhier
Jean Cruveilhier 1837

Jean Baptiste Cruveilhier [ ʒaˈn krū-vā-yā ' ] (born February 9, 1791 in Limoges , † March 10, 1874 in Sussac , Limousin region ) was a French doctor, surgeon , anatomist and pathologist .

Live and act

His father was the surgeon and military doctor Léonard Cruveilhier (1760-1836) and his mother, nee Anne Reix (1771-1831). His mother was a devout Catholic and Jean initially intended to be a priest . But his father had decided that he should become a doctor. At the age of nineteen Jean went to Paris and, at his father's insistence, became a student of Guillaume Dupuytren , who was a friend of his father's. At first he did not give up his interest in theological studies; he temporarily and secretly joined an order in the monastery of Saint Sulpice . Influenced by Dupuytren, he also developed his later interest in pathology. In 1816 he obtained his medical doctorate in Paris. The title of his work was Essai sur l'anatomie pathologique en general et sur les transformations et productions organiques en particulier .

Cruveilhier returned to Limoges, opened a doctor's office and married on June 14, 1819, born Marie Gabrielle Jenny Grellet des Prades de Fleurelle (1801–1849); the couple had eight daughters and one son.

It was his father again who this time encouraged him to continue his scientific career. Cruveilhier entered a scientific competition, concours at the Paris faculty and won first prize. With protection from Duyputren, Cruveilhier was appointed professor of surgery at the University of Montpellier in 1824 and at the University of Paris in 1836 . There he took over the teaching activities of the retired Pierre Augustin Béclard (1785-1825) and became professor of descriptive anatomy.

In 1836 he was elected to the Académie nationale de Médecine , of which he became president in 1839. In addition, he was chairman of the Société anatomique in Paris for over forty years .

Between 1828 and 1842 he published the remarkable "Anatomie pathologique du corps humain ou description des diverse altérations morbides dont le corps humain est susceptible avec figures lithographiées et coloriées". Not only was this an excellent atlas - dedicated to Dupuytren and described as admirable by Jean-Martin Charcot - it provided the first descriptions of multiple sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy, also known as Cruveilhier's atrophy. But also descriptions of gastric ulcers , pyloric stenosis , diverticula of the large intestine, phlebitis etc. can be found in this extensive work. In summary, it can be said of this fundamental work that it is the most extensive representation of observations but above all descriptions of macroscopic pathological-anatomical findings of its time. The microscopic pathology, however, has not yet found a way into his school.

In 1834 Dupuytren drew up a will and, in the event of his death, awarded 200,000 francs for the establishment of a new chair in pathological anatomy and the establishment of a museum ( Musée Dupuytren ) to which he sent his extensive collection of specimens. The holder of this chair became his friend and protégé , the pathologist and anatomist Jean Cruveilhier.

Structures named after Cruveilhier (selection)

  • Posterior cervical plexus Cruveil here
  • Simplex ulcer cruveil here
  • Pégot-Cruveilhier – Baumgarten disease

Works (selection)

  • Anatomy descriptive. Paris 1834–1836, 4 volumes par Marc Sée et Cruveilhier fils, 1877.
  • Anatomie pathologique du corps humain. Paris 1828–1842, 200 planches gravées par Antoine Chazal (1793–1854) d'après ses dessins
  • Cours d'études anatomiques. Paris 1830.
  • La vie de Dupuytren. Bechet et Labé, Paris 1841.
  • Traité d'anatomie pathologique générale. Paris, 1849–1864, 5 volumes en texte intégral sur Gallica.bnf.fr .

literature

  • Georges Daremberg: Les grands Médecins du XIX e . Masson, Paris 1907.
  • Maurice Genty: Jean Cruveilhier Les biographies médicales janvier 1934. J.-B. Baillière, Paris
  • Léon Delhoume: L'École de Dupuytren - Jean Cruveilhier. J.-B. Baillière, Paris 1937.
  • Pierre-Yves Jacquet: Biographie et bibliographie de Jean Cruveilhier. Thèse pour le doctorat en médecine, Paris-Cochin, 1977.
  • Pierre Vayre: De l'art à la science en chirurgie: trois Limousins ​​à Paris au XIX e  : Alexis Boyer (1757–1833), Guillaume Dupuytren (1777–1835), Jean Cruveillhier (1791–1874). Glyphe & Biotem éd., Paris 2004.
  • Pierre Vayre: Jean Cruveilhier (1791-1874). Surgery promoters de la preuve par les faits à la médecine fondée sur la preuve. e-mémoires de l'Académie Nationale de Chirurgie, 2008, 7 (2): 01-12.
  • G. Androutsos; L. Vladimiros: The eminent French pathologist Jean Cruveilhier (1791-1874) and his works on cancer. J BUON. 2006 Jul-Sep; 11 (3): 369-76.
  • Russell Charles Maulitz: Morbid Appearances: The Anatomy of Pathology in the Early Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-521-52453-9 , p. 36.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ gw.geneanet.org Biographical Data and Genealogy
  2. ↑ Genealogy of the parents
  3. ↑ Georg Dhom: History of Histopathology. Springer 2001, ISBN 3-642-56794-0 , p. 22.
  4. ↑ Jacques Poulet; Marcel Martiny; Jean-Charles Sournia: Illustrated History of Medicine. Vol. 6, translated by Richard Toellner , Valduz Andreas Verlag, Salzburg 1986, ISBN 3-85012-090-2 , p. 3159.
  5. ↑ Georg Dhom: History of Histopathology. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-642-56794-0 , p. 23.
  6. ↑ The Musée Dupuytren is an anatomical-pathological museum whose exhibits provide information about diseases and malformations of the human and animal organism. It is located at 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine , Les Cordeliers, Paris
  7. ↑ Reinhart T. Grundmann: Baron Guillaume Dupuytren (1777–1835) "Qui bene iudicat, bene curat" CHAZ 12th year 11. + 12. Issue 2011, pp. 688-694.
  8. ↑ Georg Dhom: History of Histopathology. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2001, ISBN 3-642-56794-0 , p. 22.
personal data
SURNAME Cruveilhier, Jean
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cruveilhier, Jean Baptiste
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor
DATE OF BIRTH February 9, 1791
PLACE OF BIRTH Limoges
DATE OF DEATH March 10, 1874
Place of death Sussac