Francesco Calogero (physicist)
Francesco Calogero (born February 6, 1935 in Fiesole near Florence ) is an Italian physicist.
Life
Calogero's father, Guido Calogero, was exiled to the village of Scanno in Abruzzo by the Italian fascists in the 1940s . Calogero studied at the Roman University of La Sapienza , where he graduated cum laude in 1958 (Laurea). Calogero stayed at La Sapienza and became professor of theoretical physics there in 1976. He has also been visiting professor and visiting scholar at Princeton , Berkeley , Queen Mary College and the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP).
Calogero deals with questions of mathematical physics, especially quantum mechanical scattering problems, soliton equations and quantum mechanical many-body theory, especially with regard to precisely solvable models. A quantum mechanical one-dimensional many-particle system made up of particles interacting with each other via repulsive Coulomb forces, which he investigated, is named after him and Jürgen Moser (Calogero-Moser system or Calogero-Moser-Sutherland system, additionally after Bill Sutherland ). Alternatively, an external harmonic oscillator can be switched on to simulate particles trapped in a volume. The model can be solved exactly, as demonstrated in 1971 by Calogero in the quantum mechanical case and by Moser in the classical case, and an important model system of mathematical physics with applications also in pure mathematics. Exactly solvable one-dimensional many-body systems with exponential interaction had previously been found by Morikazu Toda .
A special soliton equation is named after him, Degasperis and Athanassios Fokas . In 1997 he also presented an interpretation of quantum mechanics that assumes the cause of the quantization effects to be fluctuations in space-time due to the gravitational effect of distant masses in the universe (Calogero's assumption).
Since 1987 he was a member of the mathematical physics section of the IUPAP , its secretary from 1990 to 1993 and its president from 1993 to 1996. Since 1994 he has been a foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine .
He is involved in disarmament issues and was secretary of the Pugwash conferences from 1989 to 1997 . In this capacity, he also accepted the Nobel Peace Prize for this organization in 1995. 1997 to 2001 he was chairman of the Pugwash Council. From 1982 to 1992 he was a member of the management board of SIPRI .
For 2019, Calogero was awarded the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics by the American Physical Society .
Fonts
- Classical many body problems amenable to exact treatments, Springer, Lecture Notes in Physics No. 749, 2001
- Variable phase approach to potential scattering, Academic Press 1967 (also translated into Russian)
- with A. Degasperis: Spectral transform and solitons, North Holland 1982 (also translated into Russian)
- with M. de Andreis: The soviet nuclear weapon legacy, Oxford 1995
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Biography of his article Cool irrational numbers and their rather cool rational approximants , Mathematical Intelligencer, 2003, No. 4
- ^ F. Calogero: Solution of the one-dimensional N-body problem with quadratic and / or inversely quadratic pair potentials , J. Math. Phys., Vol. 12, 1971, pp. 419-436, Erratum , J. Math. Phys ., Volume 37, 1996, p. 3646. Independently and approximately simultaneously for the circular case (periodic boundary conditions), corresponding to interaction potentials in the form of inverse squared sine functions, by Bill Sutherland, Exact results for a quantum many-body problem in one dimension , Part 1,2 Phys. Rev. A, Volume 4, 1971, pp. 2019-2021, Volume 5, 1972, pp. 1372-1376. The name Calogero-Moser-Sutherland was then used especially for the sinus function variant.
- ^ Moser Three integrable Hamiltonian systems connected with isospectral deformations , Adv. Math., Volume 16, 1975, pp. 197-220. Perelomov later pointed out that Carl Gustav Jacobi (Collected Works Volume 4, 1866, p. 533) had already dealt with the case of three particles.
- ↑ Calogero-Degasperis-Fokas equation at mathworld
- ↑ Calogero: Cosmic origin of quantization , Phys. Lett. A, Volume 228, 1997, pp. 335-346. The theory is based on the stochastic mechanics of Edward Nelson .
- ↑ Website of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Member page of Calogero Francesco; accessed on December 2, 2016
- ^ Council of Pugwash
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Calogero, Francesco |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 6, 1935 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Fiesole |