Open-air organ

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An open-air organ is a rarely built pipe organ that is not used for playing in a closed room.

history

There were already two types of water organ in the Roman Empire , including a type that was used in circuses and theaters.

Before the sirens were invented , horns were sometimes used as a signal device for events and times of day. As a first instrument of its kind, the 1502 erected applies Salzburg Palace Horn , later Salzburger Stier called, which was originally only one F major - chord could give of himself. In 1550 a mechanical mechanism was added. Later there were instruments that could even be registered .

In 1915 Claus Spreckels had the world's first, complex, open-air organ in Balboa Park in San Diego (California), an open-air organ with accessible wind chests, built by the Austin Brothers .

In 1931 the so-called " Hero's Organ " was built on the fortress in Kufstein , which has been expanded several times over the years.

The loudest open-air organ in the world is the “ Vox Maris ”, an instrument built in Yeosu ( Korea ) in 2012 .

Structural features

Due to the audibility of the instruments required outdoors, a significantly higher wind pressure is required than with church and house organs. Instead of the usual 50 to 120 mm WS , a pressure of around 470 mm WS up to 100,000 mm WS is required. As a result, the organ pipes have to be built longer and are therefore significantly heavier. In addition, the windchests must be built to be more stable and weather-resistant. In most cases, these instruments are shielded from the outside world with weatherproof flaps when not in use. Therefore, there is often no prospectus to be seen.

Instruments (selection)

  • "Salzburg Bull" (Hornwerk)
  • Hornwork on the facade of the collegiate church of Rein Abbey
  • Spreckels Organ in San Diego
  • "Hero's Organ", Kufstein
  • "Vox Maris", Yeosu

literature

  • Walter Salmen: Organs in the open air. In: Roland Behrens, Christoph Grohmann (Ed.): Dulce Melos Organorum. Festschrift for Alfred Reichling's 70th birthday (= publication by the Society of Organ Friends. Volume 200). Society of Organ Friends, Mettlach 2005, pp. 443–448.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A replica from 2006 with an audio sample in Weißenburg.
  2. ↑ Hartmut Krones : Hornwerk. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-7001-3044-9 .
  3. ^ Elisabeth Theresia Fritz: Vienna, History of Music. LIT Verlag, Münster 2006, ISBN 978-3-825-88659-2 , p. 105 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  4. ↑ The Spreckels Organ on the GdO website , accessed on September 5, 2017 (PDF).
  5. ↑ Anton Schwob: Cistercian writing in the Middle Ages - The scriptorium of the pure monks. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3-039-10416-1 , p. 333 ( limited preview in the Google book search).