Free-tailed bats
| Free-tailed bats | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Chaerephon | ||||||||||||
| Dobson , 1874 |
Free- tailed bats ( Chaerephon ) are a genus in the family of bulldog bats (Molossidae). The first species to be described by Buchanan was Chaerephon plicata in 1800 . Chaerephon atsinanana was last described for the first time in 2010 by Goodmann , Buccas, Naidoo, Ratrimomanarivo, Taylor and Lamb.
The name Chaerephon refers to Socrates ' friend , who is described in Aristophanes ' comedy "Aves" as "Chaerephon, the bat".
description
Chaerephon plicata reaches a head-trunk length of 65 to 75 mm, Chaerephon jobensis 80 to 90 mm, many African free- tailed bats reach 50 to 80 mm. The species mentioned weigh between 17 and 31 g. They differ from the folding-lipped bats , among other things, in the ears that are connected to one another with a strip of skin. The coat is thick and soft. The upper side is dark brown, in African species also black and in C. jobensis chocolate to gray-brown. The underside is a little lighter. It is named after the tail that protrudes conspicuously from the tail membrane of all species .
distribution
The genus Chaerephon can be found in two isolated distribution areas.
- Africa with the exception of the north-west: this is where most of the species live, the main distribution being in the Congo Basin .
- South Asia-Oceania: Some species live here from East Pakistan to New Zealand.
species
The following species of the genus Chaerephon are recent today :
- Prince of Abruzzo Bulldog Bat ( Chaerephon aloysiiabaudiae ) West and Central Africa
- Ansorge bulldog bat ( Chaerephon ansorgei ) South Africa to Cameroon
- Madagascar bulldog bat ( Chaerephon atsinanana ), Madagascar
- Tail -gland bat ( Chaerephon bemmeleni ) West Northeast Africa, from Guinea Egypt
- Spotted Bulldog Bat ( Chaerephon bivittatus ) Mozambique Egypt East Africa
- Fijian bulldog bat ( Chaerephon bregullae ), partly listed as C. jobensis , Fiji and Vanuatu
- Chapin bulldog bat ( Chaerephon chapini ) South Africa Central Africa, in the north to Ethiopia
- Gallagher bulldog bat ( Chaerephon gallagheri ) Gabon Congo
- Northern Australian Bulldog Bat ( Chaerephon jobensis ) Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Solomon Islands
- Black-and-red bulldog bat ( Chaerephon jobimena ), Madagascar
- Johor bulldog bat ( Chaerephon johorensis ) Southeast Asia, from Thailand-Indonesia (Java and Sulawesi)
- Grandidier bulldog bat ( Chaerephon leucogaster ), partially assigned to C. pumillus , West to Central Africa, Madagascar
- Frontal lobe bulldog bat ( Chaerephon major ) Disjoint in West and East Africa
- Nigerian bulldog bat ( Chaerephon nigeriae ) Nigeria-Ghana, Namibia-Ethiopia
- Fold-lipped bulldog bat ( Chaerephon plicata ) South Asia, Pakistan Borneo
- Little Bulldog Bat ( Chaerephon pumilus ) Madagascar, East Africa-Central Africa, Arabian Peninsula
- Seychelles bulldog bat ( Chaerephon pusillus ), partly listed as a subspecies of C. pumilus , Seychelles and Comoros
- Rust- colored bulldog bat ( Chaerephon russata ) Central Africa, Liberia-Congo and Gabon
- Chaerephon shortridgei , partly listed as a subspecies of C. chapini ,
- Solomon Islands Bulldog Bat ( Chaerephon solomonis )
- Sao Tome Bulldog Bat ( Chaerephon tomensis )
Taxonomic note
The genus was first described in 1874 under the name Nyctinomus by George Edward Dobson . Some authors combine the genera of the free- tailed bats and the folding-lipped bats ( Tadarida ) into a single genus ( Tadarida ) or list Chaerephon and the genus Pug as a subgenus of Tadarida . At the moment the free-tailed bats and the fold-lipped bats are listed as separate genera. Genetic studies see the genera of the free-tailed bats together with the genus Pug as a monophyletic group. In some cases, C. jobimena is not included in Chaerephon , but the wrinkled-lipped bats form their own clade with C. jobimena .
Individual evidence
- ^ Murray Wrobel: Elsevier's Dictionary of Mammals . Elsevier 2006, ISBN 978-0-444-51877-4 .
- ↑ Victor Van Cakenberghe, Ernest CJ Seamark (Ed.): ACR. 2016. African Chiroptera Report 2016. African Bats . 2016, ISSN 1990-6471 , p. 364-365 .
- ↑ Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's mammals of the world, Volume 1. Johns Hopkins University Press, Sixth Edition, 1999. ISBN 978-0801857898 , pp. 479-480.
- ↑ a b Monadjem et al .: Bats of Southern and Central Africa: A Biogeographic and Taxonomic Synthesis. 2010, pp. 295-301
- ↑ a b Chaerephon in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved November 11, 2017.
- ^ Theodor CH Cole: Dictionary of Mammal Names - Dictionary of Mammal Names . 1st edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-662-46269-0 .
- ^ Genus Chaerephon In: PJ Taylor: Family Molossidae In: Don E. Wilson, & Russell A. Mittermeier (editor): Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Bats. (HMW, Volume 9) Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2019, pp. 645-651. ISBN 978-84-16728-19-0 .
- ↑ Victor Van Cakenberghe, Ernest CJ Seamark (Ed.): ACR. 2016. African Chiroptera Report 2016. African Bats . 2016, ISSN 1990-6471 , p. 360-361 .
- ^ NB Simmons (2005) Order Chiroptera. In: Mammal Species of the World, pp. 312-529. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- ↑ Renato Gregorin & Andrea Cirranello: Phylogeny of Molossidae Gervais (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inferred by morphological data . In: Cladistics . tape 32 , no. 1 , 2016, p. 2-35 , doi : 10.1111 / cla.12117 .
- ↑ Jennifer M. Lamb, Taryn MC Ralph, Theshnie Naidoo, Peter J. Taylor, Fanja Ratrimomanarivo, William T. Stanley and Steven M. Goodman: Toward a Molecular Phylogeny for the Molossidae (Chiroptera) of the AfroMalagasy Region . In: Acta Chiropterologica . tape 13 , no. 1 , 2011, p. 1-16 , doi : 10.3161 / 150811011X578589 .
