Pug (bat species)
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Juvenile Angola Bulldog Bat |
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Lesson , 1842 |
Pug (scientific name) is a species of bat belonging to the family of bulldog bats (Molossidae). It is not to be confused with the genus Pug's bats ( Barbastella ) from the smooth-nosed family(Vespertilionidae).
features
These bats reach head body lengths of 5 to 12 centimeters, plus a 3 to 6 centimeter long tail. Their weight varies between 7 and 64 grams. Their fur is usually dark brown on the upper side, but the color can vary from reddish brown to black. The underside is lighter and sometimes shows whitish fur markings. The massive skull is characterized by strikingly fringed lips and powerful jaws.
Distribution and way of life
The bats of the genus Pug have a two-part distribution area. They occur on the one hand in Africa south of the Sahara including Madagascar and the south of the Arabian Peninsula and on the other hand in Southeast Asia . Depending on the species, they inhabit different habitats, including forests and savannah areas.
During the day they rest in colonies of ten to several hundred animals; caves, crevices and tree hollows serve as resting places, but also man-made dwellings. After sunset, they go in search of food, flying fast and often high in the air. They feed on insects , the strong jaws indicate hard-shelled prey such as beetles .
Many species have two mating seasons per year, which mostly depend on the change of season. One species, Mops condylurus , is known to have a gestation period of around two months and a single cub is carried to term.
threat
Many species are common and common. From Pug niangarae only a single copy in 1907 was found, her level of danger is unclear. Two species, M. petersoni and M. trevori , are listed by the IUCN as endangered (vulnerable).
Systematics
The genus Pug is divided into two sub-genera, which differ in the anatomical differences of the palate and the anterior upper premolar . The German names follow TC Cole.
Subgenus Pug ( Lesson 1842):
- Angola-free-tailed bat ( Pug condylurus ) inhabits almost all Africa south of the Sahara .
- Congo bulldog bat ( Pug congicus ) occurs from Ghana to Uganda .
- Mongalla bulldog bat ( Pug demonstrator ) is common from Burkina Faso and Sudan to Uganda .
- Malagasy white-bellied bulldog bat ( Pug leucostigma ) is endemic to Madagascar .
- Midas bulldog bat ( Pug midas ) lives in southwestern Saudi Arabia and in the savannah areas of Africa.
- Malay bulldog bat ( Pug pug ) inhabits the Malay Peninsula , Sumatra and Borneo .
- Niangara bulldog bat ( Pug niangarae ) is found only in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Only a single specimen is known of the species, its degree of endangerment is unclear.
- African white-bellied bulldog bat ( Pug niveiventer ) lives in southern Africa from the Democratic Republic of the Congo south to Botswana .
- Sulawesi bulldog bat , also known as Salomon bulldog bat ( Pug sarasinorum ) lives in Sulawesi and Mindanao .
- Trevor's bulldog bat ( Pug trevori ) lives in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda.
Subgenus Xiphonycteris ( Dollmann 1911):
- Bakaris bulldog bat ( Pug bakarii ) Pemba, Tanzania
- The short-winged bulldog bat ( Pug brachypterus ) is widespread from Gambia to Kenya and south to Mozambique .
- Pygmy bulldog bat ( Mops nanulus ) is common from Sierra Leone to Ethiopia and Kenya.
- Peterson's bulldog bat ( Mops petersoni ) is known from Ghana and Cameroon .
- Spurell's bulldog bat ( Pug spurrelli ) is common from Liberia to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Thersites bulldog bat ( Pug thersites ) occurs from Sierra Leone to Rwanda and southwards possibly to Mozambique.
literature
- Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 volumes. 3. Edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .
- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. 2 volumes. 6th edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD et al. 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jenna Dunlop: Pug midas. In: Mammalian Species . No. 615 , 1999, pp. 1-4 , doi : 10.2307 / 3504421 .
- ^ Theodor CH Cole: Dictionary of Mammal Names - Dictionary of Mammal Names . 1st edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-662-46269-0 .
- ↑ Mops (Mops) in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved November 12, 2017.
- ↑ Pug (Xiphonycteris) in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved November 12, 2017.
Web links
- Endangerment level of the individual species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .