Friedrich Closs

Johann Friedrich Closs (born August 23, 1813 in Winnenden ; † October 7, 1877 in Heilbronn ) was a merchant in the food and colonial goods sector as well as a manufacturer and industrialist in the field of food production. He made a "contribution to making Heilbronn an important center of food production in Germany".

He was the head of Ferdinand Hauber's important Heilbronn company (from 1863), whose goods were sold in Württemberg, Baden, Bavaria and Switzerland. He was also a member of the board of directors of Heilbronner Zuckerfabrik AG and the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Heilbronn AG (1853/1857). Cloß was one of the co-founders of the sugar factory Böblingen AG (1861), which he incorporated into Heilbronn's economic life.

family

He was born as one of five children of Johann Friedrich Closs, who ran a business with spices as well as iron and iron goods in Winnenden. JF Closs senior († 1856) acquired his considerable fortune (the estate was 152,000 guilders) by lending money . JF Closs senior had 1,083 debtors in Winnenden and the surrounding area. Friedrich had his siblings Wilhelmine (the clever Minele), Christiane (the beautiful Nanele), Wilhelm and August come to Heilbronn. The youngest, August, acquired the chicory factory from Carl Heinrich Theodor Knorr in 1855 and continued it as Aug. Fr. Closs Chichorien-Caffee-Fabrik until 1878. Another sister was Johanna, the mother of the later Mayor of Heilbronn, Paul Hegelmaier . Friedrich Cloß had been with Emma, born in 1849. Knorr, married. They had five children together.

Businessman and entrepreneur

Hauber company

In 1841, Cloß became a partner in the Ferdinand Hauber company with an amount of 10,000 guilders. After the oil and color wood mill in front of the Sülmer Tor burned down and was sold in 1841/42 , Hauber and Cloß acquired the much larger Köber oil mill on the northwest side of the Neckar island of Hefenweiler. In 1843, Hauber and Cloß expanded their company to include the wool spinning production area with spinning machines. From 1863, Cloß became the "boss" of the Hauber company. Ferdinand Hauber's Heilbronn company was important, Cloß played an important role in the food and colonial goods trade and made a contribution to making Heilbronn an important center of food production in Germany:

“In terms of working capital, the Hauber company was now the second largest trading company in Heilbronn after the Goppel company… The Hauber company’s merchandise and products were sold in Württemberg, Baden, Bavaria and Switzerland… In 1859 it was in sixth place after trade tax of all tradespeople in the Oberamt Heilbronn and in relation to the colonial goods trade after F. A. Schmidt in second place before the Goppel company ... Friedrich Cloß was thus a businessman in the food and colonial goods sector and, with the oil mill, a manufacturer in the food production sector. He made a contribution to making Heilbronn an important center of food production in Germany ... "

Böblinger sugar factory

The Böblinger sugar factory was founded in 1856 by Stuttgart bankers and merchants and later went bankrupt. During the bankruptcy proceedings, the Heilbronn sugar factory's board of directors decided to take over the business. After an auction in September 1861, the Gantgericht assigned the company to the Heilbronn merchants Friedrich Cloß and Carl Reibel and the Heilbronn sugar factory director Andreas Faißt . On October 11, 1861, these formed the Böblingen AG sugar factory , with the shareholders from Heilbronn taking more than 2/3 of the votes in the capital. Friedrich Closs became the board of directors; A member of the board of directors was a. also the banker Richard Rümelin . The sugar produced in Böblingen was sold by Heilbronn trading houses. With the takeover of the Böblingen factory, the Heilbronn wholesalers switched even more from trading colonial sugar to manufacturing and selling local sugar. Cloß brought the company to a boom. Share prices rose, and shareholders received ever higher dividends , ranging from 5 to 15 percent annually. The good operation of the Böblingen factory was demonstrated by the fact that from 1869 to 1877 it needed the smallest amount of beet of the five Württemberg sugar factories to produce a hundredweight of raw sugar. The commercial management with the goods as well as the seat of the administrative board were in Heilbronn. The general assembly was always held in Heilbronn. The seat of most of the shareholders and the composition of the board of directors proved that the Böblinger sugar factory had now become part of Heilbronn's economic life. According to a report by the Württemberg Chamber of Commerce, the sugar factory from Böblingen was now "to be mentioned as belonging to the Heilbronn industry".

"Cloß was the decisive man in the takeover of the Böblingen company and was the actual head of the company until his death - he 'subscribed to the majority of the shares' ... Friedrich Cloß managed to boost the sugar factory, which had fallen into disrepute, in a short time ... The employment figures of the Böblinger sugar factory show that he had taken the step to become a major industrialist. "

Boeblingen sugar factory, share
Zuckerfabrik Böblingen, share dated October 22, 1862 registered in the name of Dr. P. L. Adam, banker in Ulm, original signatures of the sugar manufacturer and board member Friedrich Cloß, as a member signed a. a. Banker Richard Rümelin
Zuckerfabrik Böblingen, share dated January 1, 1863, made out to Mrs. Emma Closs born. Knorr in Heilbronn, wife of Friedrich Closs. Original signature of the factory director Friedrich Cloß

Residential building

View into Sülmerstrasse after 1897. Left: The large house belonged to Ferdinand Hauber and then Friedrich Closs. The office of the Hauber grocery store and the Böblingen sugar factory was on the ground floor.

Friedrich Cloß lived in the house Sülmerstrasse 62, which belonged to Ferdinand Hauber, from 1839 and also after his marriage to Emma Knorr. After Hauber died in 1863, Cloß inherited the house. He could store over 22,000 liters of wine in the cellar under his house on Sülmerstrasse. With one of his wines he received a medal at the world exhibition in London in 1862.

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Cloß - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, as well as pp. 12 and 14.
^ Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma (1829–1901) at stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de
↑ Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, p. 11.
↑ ^a ^b Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, p. 19.
↑ Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, p. 17 and 19 and p. 24.
↑ Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, p. 17 and 19.

literature

Arnold, Jürg: The Cloß family of merchants and manufacturers in Winnenden and Heilbronn / Neckar with contributions to the life stories of Robert Mayer, CH Knorr and Paul Hegelmaier . Association for Family and Heraldry in Württemberg and Baden eV, Stuttgart 1987; 2nd ed. Ostfildern 2009, p. 14, 92-104
Arnold, Jürg: The Böblingen Sugar Factory (1856–1907). In: Living with the Past. Yearbook of the local history association for Schönbuch and Gäu. Volume 5, 2006 pp. 315-365

personal data
SURNAME	Cloß, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Cloß, Johann Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German businessman, manufacturer and industrialist
DATE OF BIRTH	August 23, 1813
PLACE OF BIRTH	Winnenden
DATE OF DEATH	October 7, 1877
Place of death	Heilbronn

[Hennze_12/14-1] Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, as well as pp. 12 and 14.

[2] Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma (1829–1901) at stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de

[3] Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, p. 11.

[Hennze_19-4] Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, p. 19.

[Hennze_17_19-5] Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, p. 17 and 19 and p. 24.

[6] Jürg Arnold: A successful businessman and industrialist - and a strong woman. Friedrich Cloß (1813–1877) and Emma born. Knorr (1829-1901). In: Christhard Schrenk (Hrsg.): Heilbronner Köpfe V. Pictures of life from five centuries. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2009, ISBN 978-3-940646-05-7 ( Small series of publications by the Heilbronn City Archives. Volume 56), pp. 9–30, p. 17 and 19.