Friedrich Weichelt
Friedrich Weichelt (born December 1894 in Döbeln , Kingdom of Saxony , † November 1961 in Dresden ) was a German blasting engineer.
Life
Friedrich Weichelt was born as the son of a blasting contractor in Döbeln and attended the local elementary school . He then graduated from the citizens' school , then known as the higher elementary school, and the technical college in Dresden. After his training, he did an internship in his parents' blasting company doing various blasting work in potash pits, quarries, deep bores and tunnel drives.
Working life
After completing his vocational training in the family business, he completed an engineering degree. In 1924 he worked as an independent explosive engineer for various explosives factories and firing means manufacturers, specifically for the special explosive culture methods in the field of agriculture . The method was used at the time to blast out planting holes to allow trees to penetrate the soil more easily and to tear up water-impermeable layers of soil.
Until 1945
In order to train and train the lack of specialist staff, he organized courses on blasting technology. In this way, his knowledge and experience could be passed on to the junior staff. The examination and the issuing of the certificates of proficiency took place after acceptance by expert inspectors of the state examination authority of the ministries of the interior for economy and labor of the respective regions.
From 1934 he worked part-time for research institutes and in technical committees for surface blasting at the Freiberg Bergakademie in the field of explosives and detonators production and their application. At the Bergschule Siegen, today Sprengtechnik Siegen, he worked as a lecturer for explosive technology from 1941. He wrote and wrote technical commentaries on explosives in trade magazines. He passed on his research results and knowledge of various blasting work he had carried out himself at scientific training courses and conferences. He imparted the theoretical and practical knowledge on the basis of the German Research Institute for Stones and Earths in the specialist office in Koethen in the implementation of the blasting and master courses. In 1934 he wrote a paperback for the demolition engineer as a guide for demolition work. On this basis, he expanded it to become a manual for commercial blasting technology for demolition masters, technicians and engineers . This specialist book still serves today as the basis for training in explosives and is constantly updated. The technical book conveyed the basics of charge calculation, the handling of explosives and detonators, the general safety regulations and other legal regulations.
- Blasting earth and rocks with boreholes,
- Blasting boulders, so-called knäppersprennungen ,
- Stump bursts ,
- Underground culture blasts,
- Tree holes and crown blasts,
- Mast hole and cylinder hole blasting,
- Bog blasting method: blasting road and railway embankments,
- Ice bursts ,
- Frost blasting (examples and load calculations),
- Custody and storage of explosives,
- Chamber bursts ,
- Chimney blast,
- Wood blast,
- Metal blast,
- General: firearms, detonators, transport, stock book.
After 1945
Weichelt stayed in East Germany after 1945, where a large area of responsibility awaited him in the form of destroyed industrial plants , cities and traffic structures that had been destroyed in terms of area. From 1946 the resumption of blasting training in Halle until 1948. As part of the Research Institute for Stones and Earths of the State Geological Institute , the first training in blasting technology took place under the direction of the blasting engineer Friedrich Weichelt. With the beginning of the training, a distinction was made between blasting work above and below ground . In the early 1950s he continued teaching in Dresden until his death in 1961. In 1950 his textbook was published, the manual of commercial blasting technology for demolition masters, technicians and engineers in the stone and earth industry, in construction and well construction, in forestry and agriculture , which still represents the basics of blasting training today. The basic courses in blasting technology included demolition blasting with a focus on removing ruins and clearing rubble:
- Masonry blasts,
- Concrete blasting,
- Steel blasts,
- Wood blasting,
- Earth bursts.
The certificates of competence were issued after the examination and acceptance by expert labor inspectors from the employment offices.
In the eastern part of Germany he was significantly involved as the responsible blasting engineer in many large projects, such as:
- Clearing the big cities of Berlin , Magdeburg and Dresden,
- Construction of the Rappbode dam ,
- Construction of the Rostock overseas port .
He was in charge of chamber explosions and took over project planning work for special explosions, and as an expert in explosive technology, he was also in great demand internationally for important construction projects. He was interested in the training and further education of new employees in the blasting industry. Under his responsible direction, basic and advanced training courses for all areas of blasting technology took place, such as
- Mining ,
- Demolition blasts,
- Chamber bursts,
- Large borehole blasting,
- Underwater blasting,
- Extraction blasting for the stone and earth industry,
- Ice bursts,
- Concrete blasting,
- Steel blasts,
- Agriculture and Forestry.
In the case of agricultural and forestry blasting and crop blasting, which also includes underground crop blasting, relief and higher crop yields in agriculture should be achieved. This includes, for example, the breaking up of impermeable layers of earth, layers of local stone and subsoil loosening. Likewise, the blasting out of fruit tree holes and the fruit tree rejuvenation. Furthermore, during the war and in the period afterwards, manure or dung from the cattle breeding facilities stored in the fields was distributed with sprinklers in order to make the difficult manual work easier. For example, when blasting windrows , the manure was transported from the larger breeding facilities to the field over a longer period of time and piled up there. Depending on the size, up to approx. 2 to 3 m high, 10 to 15 m wide and approx. 15 to 30 m long. In these heaps, the blast holes were made either horizontally (chest or lifting shots) or above (head shots) according to a calculated borehole pattern. This heap was then detonated using a millisecond detonator connected in parallel in a precisely calculated amount of explosive charge (Gelatine-Donarit 1) in the form of drill cartridges. The effect was evident in a 5 to 15 cm thick distribution on the field. Then the field was plowed. These applications were carried out according to the calculation formula number 49 specified by Weichelt (blowing up rents). In the GDR around 1969 tests were made with pig manure. These procedures were unsuccessful because the fertilizer, unlike cattle manure, solidified in very different ways when it was deposited. Agriculture later had enough technology again, so that it was no longer worth blasting manure heaps and is not considered in today's fertilizer ordinance .
In parallel with the courses, occupational safety inspectors and safety officers were trained and trained. For the trainings he carried out, he made his own drawings and sketches for each course participant. To make his teaching work understandable for everyone, he documented and photographed his blasting. Over 3,000 image documents were created in this way. Until his death in 1961, he trained more than 2,000 persons authorized to blast (demolition masters) and demolition engineers. His professional estate is in the possession of the Dresden Explosive School . Weichelt is considered the most important demolition engineer in Germany. It is his merit to have shaped the safety and standardization of explosives and blasting technology in Germany.
Works
- Pocket book for the demolition engineer as a guide for demolition work. Publishing house of the German Labor Front, Berlin 1934.
- Paperback for the demolition engineer. Calculation to determine the amount of explosives for commercial blasting work in the stone and earth industry as well as in construction and agriculture with leaflet for the demolition expert. 3. Edition. German Labor Front Publishing House, Berlin 1941.
- Sprengtechnik Handbuch Bergbau Halle 1953 Handbook of commercial blasting technology for demolition masters, technicians and engineers in the stone and earth industry, in the building trade and well construction, in forestry and agriculture. With load calculations to determine the quantities of explosives, with information about the handling of the explosives and detonators with relevant legal and accident prevention regulations. 2nd revised edition. Carl Marhold Publishing House, Halle / Saale 1953.
literature
- Stefan Greulich: For the numerical simulation of reinforced concrete and fiber concrete structures under detonation stress. approved dissertation; University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich 2004, February.
Web links
- Blasting School Dresden
- Friedrich Weichelt in the SLUB Dresden catalog
- Friedrich Weichelt (PDF; 2.8 MB) on the website of the TU Freiberg
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.dresden.de/media/pdf/stadtarchiv/Tafeln_34-38_Schulwesen.pdf
- ↑ Josef Köhler, Rudolf Meyer, Axel Homburg: Explosivstoffe , John Wiley & Sons, 2012, ISBN 978-3-527-66007-0 online at googlebooks
- ^ Archives of the explosive school Dresden
- ↑ Chronicle 1961–2011 Dresden Sprengschule 2011
- ^ Archives of the explosive school Dresden
- ↑ Chronicle 1961–2011 Dresden Sprengschule 2011
- ↑ Chronicle 1961–2011 Dresden Sprengschule 2011
- ^ Archives of the explosive school Dresden
- ^ Friedrich Weichelt: Paperback for the demolition master. Calculation to determine the amount of explosives for commercial blasting work in the stone and earth industry as well as in construction and agriculture with leaflet for the demolition expert. 3. Edition. Verlag Deutsche Arbeitsfront, Berlin 1941. pp. 98, 148 and 149 (shooting association)
- ^ Friedrich Weichelt: Sprengtechnik, manual of Sprengtechnik VEB German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1961 4th revised edition. VLN 152-915-31-61; P.92,98,103.
- ^ Friedrich Weichelt: Sprengtechnik, Handbook of Sprengtechnik. VEB German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1961, 4th revised edition. VLN 152-915-31-61; P.91,98,103.
- ^ Archives of the Dresden Explosive School, 1969
- ↑ Friedrich Weichelt: Sprengtechnik Handbuch Bergbau Halle 1956. Manual of commercial explosive technology for demolition masters, technicians and engineers in the stone and earth industry, in construction and well construction, in forestry and agriculture. With load calculations to determine the quantities of explosives, with information about the handling of the explosives and detonators with relevant legal and accident prevention regulations. 3rd revised edition. Carl Marhold Verlagbuchhandlung, Halle / Saale 1956 p. 547.
- ^ Archives of the explosive school Dresden
- ^ Archives of the explosive school Dresden
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Weichelt, Friedrich |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German demolition engineer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 1894 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Chub , Kingdom of Saxony |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 1961 |
| Place of death | Dresden |