Stones and earth

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Open pit mine for Neuburg Siliceous Earth - a typical example for the extraction of stones and earth

The collective term -metallic minerals (including inorganic non-ferrous metal ores called), various non- metallic , mineral -abiogene and mineral-biogenic raw materials summarized.

What these so-called substances have in common is that they are extracted from deposits in the earth's crust using mining methods (mostly open-cast mining ) and refined or further processed into technical products through mechanical treatment and / or thermal treatment ( fire ).

Much of the stone and earth is used as an additive or binder in the production of mineral building and materials used. A smaller part is used for special applications in various industrial and chemical companies.

Many stones and earths are mixed minerals , with the exception of industrial minerals and some binders, which are predominantly mono- mineral .

Mining rock and potash salt , although it is also not ore, is traditionally not counted among the stones and earths.

Classification

Oblique aerial view of a granite quarry near Walvis Bay , Namibia

The stones and earth can be roughly divided as follows:

The terms bulk raw materials and industrial minerals are sometimes also broadly defined and used as a generic term for other stones and earths.

literature

  • Otto Sickenberg: stones and earth. The deposits and their management. Geology and deposits of Lower Saxony, 5th volume. Dorn-Verlag, Bremen, Horn 1951, pp. 125ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stones and Earth. Technical University of Applied Sciences Georg Agricola for raw materials, energy and the environment in Bochum, archived from the original on September 28, 2011 ; Retrieved January 11, 2011 .
  2. ^ State Office for Geology and Mining of the State of Saxony-Anhalt: Stone and Earth Mining
  3. ↑ a b c Stone-and-earth-deposits. GeoDataZone, archived from the original on May 18, 2012 ; Retrieved January 11, 2011 .
  4. ↑ a b Stones and earth - more than a building material. (PDF; 597 kB) Federal Association of Building Materials - Stones and Earths, accessed on January 11, 2011 .
  5. ↑ a b Professorship for Applied Geology at the Institute for Geotechnics at the TU Dresden : Lecture material - Mineral raw materials - 4. Usable rocks and industrial minerals

Web links