Fritz Kohlrausch

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Kohlrausch 1884–1953

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich ("Fritz") Kohlrausch (born July 6, 1884 in Gstettenhof near Türnitz , Lower Austria ; † September 17, 1953 in Graz ) was an Austrian physicist .

Life

He came from a German family of scholars. His grandfather was the well-known physicist Rudolf Kohlrausch , his uncle Friedrich Kohlrausch an important physical chemist.

Start of physics studies in 1903 at the University of Vienna 1907 PhD phil with a topic on the statistical nature of radioactive decay.
From 1908 to 1920 he was an assistant at the Physics Institute of Franz-Serafin Exner . 1911 habilitation. From 1912 to 1920 he was also an honorary lecturer at the Vienna Music Academy. 1917–1920 teaching position on color theory at the arts and crafts school. 1919 title of associate professor, 1920 appointment to the chair for physics at the Technical University in Graz. In the academic year 1923/24 Fritz Kohlrausch was rector and 1922/23 and 1946–1948 dean at the Graz University of Technology. In 1938 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

meaning

In 1912, together with Egon Schweidler , he succeeded in counting individual alpha particles using an electrometer with a high level of charge sensitivity. Together with Erwin Schrödinger , he dealt with the secondary radiation generated by gamma radiation. In 1928 the Academy of Sciences awarded him the Haitinger Prize for his studies on ionizing radiation . In 1922 he was awarded the Lieben Prize for his occupation with questions of physiological optics and spectrophotometric measurements .

Preeminent has in his work the exploration of the Raman effect : deflected colored light that strikes molecules, or larger particles is without color change. If, however, the scattering of light is associated with the absorption of radiation energy by a molecule, or if the molecule gives off energy to the radiation during the scattering, then color changes can occur. A comparison of the wavelength of the incident and the scattered light can lead to statements about the oscillations that the atoms in the molecule perform against each other. This effect is of great importance for the determination of the chemical constitution, for the optical detection of molecules that cannot be recognized in any other way. His name will forever be associated with the history of molecular spectra.

He was extensively active as a journalist and wrote numerous books, including the extensive volume “Radioactivity” in the “green” handbook of experimental physics.

Works

  • Problems with γ-rays (= Collection Vieweg. Vol. 87/88, ZDB -ID 987296-6 ). Vieweg, Braunschweig 1927.
  • Radioactivity (= Handbuch der Experimentalphysik. Vol. 15). Academic Publishing Company, Leipzig 1928.
  • Raman spectra (= handbook and yearbook of chemical physics. Vol. 9: The spectra. Section 6, ZDB -ID 1231828-0 ). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Becker & Erler, Leipzig 1943 (reprint. Heyden Books, London et al. 1972, ISBN 0-85501-071-1 ).
  • The Smekal Raman Effect. 2 volumes. Springer, Berlin 1931–1938
    • Main work (= structure of the matter in individual representations. Vol. 12, ZDB -ID 527555-6 ).
    • Supplementary volume : 1931–1937 (= structure and properties of matter in individual representations. Vol. 19, ZDB -ID 527570-2 ).

literature

  • Berta Karlik, Erich Schmid: Franz Serafin Exner and his circle. A contribution to the history of physics in Austria . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7001-0437-5

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ rectors and deans of Graz University of Technology .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Kohlrausch, Fritz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kohlrausch, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian physicist
DATE OF BIRTH July 6, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Gstettenhof near Türnitz , Lower Austria
DATE OF DEATH 17th September 1953
Place of death Graz