Fujikawa Yū

Portrait of Fujikawa Yū (from: Fujikawa Yū sensei )

Fujikawa Yū ( Japanese 富 士川 游 , born June 4, 1865 in Yasumura, Nuta District , Aki Province (today: Asaminami-ku , Hiroshima ), Japan ; † November 6, 1940 in Tokyo ) was a doctor and pioneer in Japanese medical history.

Life

Fujikawa Yu was born the son of doctor Fujikawa Yuki ( 藤 川 雪 ). From 1879 he attended the Asano School, which was previously founded by the local liege lord, then moved to the middle school newly established by the Hiroshima Prefecture , in order to then complete an education at the Hiroshima Medical School ( Hiroshima Igakkō ). After graduating in 1887, he first worked in Tokyo for "Meiji Life Insurance" ( 明治 生命 保 険 , Meiji seimei hoken ). At the same time he worked for the "News on Medicine at Home and Abroad" ( 中外 医 事 新 報 , Chūgai Iji Shinpō ), which has been published since 1880 . This gave him the opportunity to make numerous trips to the regions of the country. As knowledge of the history and successes of local medicine threatened to disappear in the course of the radical introduction of Western medicine, he began to collect old medical writings and other materials and, together with like-minded companions such as the medical professor Kure Shūzō (1865–1932) and others to develop the basics of a history of Japanese medicine.

Although he suffered from tuberculosis , Fujikawa traveled to Germany in April 1889 to study neurology and physiotherapy in Jena . During his stay he lived with a woman Elisabeth Burkhardt in brick Mühlenweg 11. His travel diary, according to he heard lectures on medicine from Georg Hieronymus Roderich Stintzing , Max Matthes , Max Fürbringer , Otto Binswanger , August gardener , Wilhelm Müller , August car man , Max Verworn , to renowned professors from other faculties such as Ernst Haeckel , Rudolf Christoph Eucken and Otto Liebmann came . In the summer of 1890 he received his doctorate from Stintzing with a thesis "On the coincidence of tabes and heart valve defects". After returning in September of that year, he took over the management of the internals in the "Hospital Nakasu" ( 中洲 養生 院 , Nakasu-yōjōin ) in Tokyo. In 1897 he founded with Kure Shūzō a regional society for the promotion of health care in his homeland ( 芸 備 医学 会 , Geibi igakkai ). Studying in Germany had greatly increased Fujikawa's interest in the educational and philosophical aspects of medicine. A research community founded by him in 1902 developed into the “Japanese Society for Childhood Research” ( 日本 児 童 学会 , Nihon jidō gakkai ), which offered psychologists, doctors and educators a common platform for research and communication. In 1905 the first issue of the journal Jinsei ( 人性 ), which he founded, appeared with the German subtitle “Der Mensch”, which, with the cooperation of authors from East and West, was to devote itself to the social and psychological aspects of man. This publication was published until 1918.

In 1906 he became a professor at Tōyō University ( 東洋 大学 , Tōyō daigaku ), one of Inoue Enryō (1858-1919), a student of the German philosopher Raphael von Koeber , with a strong philosophical orientation. In July 1914 he received the title of Doctor of Literature ( bungaku hakushi ) for his cultural and humanities research , which happened only in exceptional cases at Japanese universities of those decades.

In 1922 Fujikawa founded a middle school in Kamakura and took over its management. In the Great Kanto earthquake the following year, he suffered considerable injuries. In 1925 he took over the management of the “Cultural Research Institute ” ( 中山 文化 研究所 , Nakayama bunka kenkyūjo ) founded by Nakayama Taichi (1881-1956 ), which played a pioneering role in women's and children's research.

In 1927 the "Society for the Promotion of Medicine" ( 奨 進 医 会 , Shōshin ikai ) , which had been built up by Fujikawa and a number of fellow campaigners since 1892 , was renamed the "Japanese Society for Medical History" ( 日本 医 史学 会 , Nihon Ishi Gakkai ).

Among his numerous writings on medicine, education, religion and the history of medicine, the "History of Japanese Medicine" ( 日本 医学 史 , Nihon igakushi ) , published in 1904, is the main work for which he received the Imperial Prize ( 日本 医学 史 , Onshishō ) of the Japanese Academy in 1912 of the sciences .

Fujikawa died in 1940 at the age of 75 and was buried in the family grave in the cemetery of the Chōraku Temple ( 長 楽 寺 , Chōraku-ji , Hiroshima) after the cremation in Kamakura . 9017 volumes from his library were donated to the University of Kyoto , where they are kept as a special collection "Fujikawa Bunko". A further 3632 volumes form a special collection of the same name in the Kitasato Memorial Medical Library ( Keiō University ). There are 171 educational titles in the holdings of the Tokyo University Faculty of Education .

Fujikawa's son Hideo (1909-2003) made a name for himself as a professor of German studies at the University of Tokyo.

Works (selection)

• Tōkyō iji ichiran . 1890 ( 東京 医 事 一 覧 , "Overview of Tokyo's Medical Affairs")
• Seimeihoken shinsatsu isoku . 1895 ( 生命 保 険 診 査 医 則 , "Medical Statutes for Life Insurance Examinations ")
• Kure Shūzō, Fujikawa Yū: Ishiryō . 1895 ( 医 史料 , "Historical Materials on Medicine")
• Kure Shūzō, Fujikawa Yū: Nihon sanka sōsho . 1896 ( 呉 秀 三 ・ 富 士川 游 『日本 産科 叢書』 , "Book series on Japanese obstetrics")
• Kure Shūzō, Fujikawa Yū: Nihon iseki-kō . 1896 ( 呉 秀 三 ・ 富 士川 游 『日本 医 籍 考』 , "Research on Japanese Medicine Books ")
• Nihon gekashi . 1897 ( 日本 外科 史 , "History of Japanese Surgery")
• Nihon ganka ryakushi . 1899 ( 日本 眼科 略 史 , "Brief History of Japanese Ophthalmology")
• About the coincidence of tabes and valvular heart disease . Inaugural dissertation from the Jena Faculty of Medicine, submitted by Yu Fujikawa. Jena: B. Vopelius, 1900 (79 pages).
• Kōkoiu iji nenpyō . 1902 ( 皇 国 医 事 年表 , "Chronology of Japanese Medicine")
• Denki ryōhō . 1904 ( 電 気 療法 , "Electrotherapy")
• Nihon igakushi . 1904 ( 日本 医学 史 , "History of Japanese Medicine")
• Nihon ishi . 1906-9 ( 日本 医 史 , "Japanese Medical History")
• Aoyama Tanemichi, Fujikawa Yū: Igaku no hattatsu . 1907 ( 青山 胤 通 ・ 富 士川 游 『医術 の 発 達』 , "Development of the Medical Art")
• Chiryō shinten . 1907 ( 治療 新 典 , "New Lexicon of Therapy")
• Kakke no rekishi . 1910 ( 脚 気 病 の 歴 史 , "History of the Beriberi")
• Kyōiku byōrigaku . ( 教育 病理学 , "Educational Pathology")
• Yodono Kōjun, Fujikawa Yū: Ika ronrigaku . ( 淀 野 耀 淳 ・ 富 士川 游 『医科 論 理学』 , "Logic of Medicine")
• Nihon jippeishi . 1912 ( 日本 疾病 史 , "History of Disease in Japan")
• Nihon shōnikashi . 1912 ( 日本 小 児 科 史 , "History of Japanese Pediatrics")
• Naikashi . 1913 ( 内科 史 , "History of the Internie")
• Nihon naika zensho . 1913 ( 日本 内科 全書 , "Entire literature on Japanese internals")
• Kango ryōhō . 1913 ( 看護 療法 , " Nursing Therapy ")
• Kyōiku no eisei . 1916. ( 教育 之 衞生 , "Educational Hygiene ")
• Kongōshin . 1916 ( 金剛 心 , "The Core of the Vajra")
• Kure Shūzō, Fujikawa Yū (ed.): Tōdō zenshū . 1910 ( 呉 秀 三 ・ 富 士川 游 『東 洞 全集』 , "Collected Works of Yoshimasu Tōdō")
• Seiyō minkanyaku. 1921 ( 西洋 民間 薬 , "Western folk remedies")
• Bukkyō no shinzui . 1923 ( 仏 教 の 真 髄 , "Essence of Buddhism")
• Ijō jidō . 1924 ( 異常 児 童 , "Abnormal Children")
• Ijō jidō chōsa . 1927 ( 異常 兒童 調査 , "Investigations into Abnormal Children")
• Ijō jidō seikaku kenkyū . 1930 ( 異常 兒童 性格 研究 , "Research on the Character of Abnormal Children")
• Jinsei-ron . 1930 ( 人性論 , "Treatise on Human Nature")
• Shisei no mondai . 1931 ( 生死 の 問題 , "Problems of Living and Dying")
• Kagaku to shūkyō . 1931 ( 科学 と 宗教 , "Science and Religion")
• Nihon kagaku no tokushitsu . 1935 ( 日本 科学 の 特質 , "Characteristics of Japanese Science")
• Shina kagaku no tokushitsu . 1935 ( 支那 科学 の 特質 , "Characteristics of Chinese Science")
• Ishin . 1935 ( 医 箴 , "maxims of medicine")
• Ijutsu to shūkyō . 1937 ( 医術 と 宗教 , "Medical Art and Religion"). New edition Shoshi shinsui: Tōkyō, 2010.
• Nihon shinkyu-igakushi . 1939 ( 日本 鍼灸 医学 史 , "History of Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion")
• Y. Fujikawa: History of Medicine in Japan: Brief description of the development of Japanese medicine with special consideration of the introduction of European medicine in Japan . Published by the Imperial Japanese Ministry of Education, Tokyo, 1911. (Reprinted under the title The Doctor in Japanese Culture . Robugen: Esslingen, 1976)
• Y. Fujikawa: Japanese medicine . Translated from the German by John Ruhrah, MD, with a chapter on the recent history of medicine in Japan, by Kageyas W. Amano. PB Hoeber: New York, 1934. (Reprinted by AMS Press, New York, 1978)
• Fujikawa Yū chosaku-shū . Shibunkaku Shuppan: Kyōto, 1980–82 ( 『富 士川 游 著作 集』 史 文 閣 出版 ) (Collected publications in 10 volumes)

literature

• Fujikawa Yū sensei wo shinonde . Asa ishikai, 1976 ( 『富 士川 游 先生 を 偲 ん で』 安佐 医師 会 )
• Fujikawa Yū sensei . Private print, 1954 ( 富 士川 游 先生 編纂 委員会 『富 士川 游 先生』 非 売 品 )
• Fujikawa Yū sensei . Ōzorasha, 1988 ( 『富 士川 游 先生』 大 空 社 )
• Fujikawa Hideo: Fujikawa Yū . Ozawa Shoten, 1990 ( 富 士川 英 郎 『富 士川 游』 小 沢 書店 )

Remarks

1. ↑ The spelling of the name Fujikawa was changed to the present form in 1872 on the occasion of the introduction of modern family registers.
2. ↑ This technical school was later transferred to the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Hiroshima .
3. ↑ In 1870 the new Meiji government decided to introduce medical training and practice based on the German model.
4. ↑ Fujikawa published his travel diary in the magazine Geibi iji ( 富 士川 游 「西 航 日記」 『芸 備 医 事』 27 号, 28 号 ).
5. ↑ Catalog: Kitasato-kinen igaku-toshokan: Ko-isho mokuroku , 1994 ( 慶 応 義 塾 大学 北 里 記念 医学 図 図 書館 篇 『古 医書 目録』 改 訂 版 )

Web links

• Catalog of the Fujikawa Collection, Kyōto University
• Digital copies of selected writings from the Fujikawa collection, Kyōto University
• Digital copies of selected writings from the Fujikawa Collection, University of Tokyo
• Digital copies of selected writings from the Fujikawa collection, Keiō University
• "Japanese Society for Medical History" ( Nihon ishigakkai )

Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . Thus Fujikawa is the family name, Yū the first name.