Güyük Khan
Güyük Khan or Gujuk Chan ( Mongolian ᠭᠦᠶ᠋ᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ güyüg qaγan , also Kuyuk , * 1206 ; † March or April 1248 ) was the third khagan of the Mongol Empire as the son of Ögedeis . He ruled from 1246 to 1248.
Regency
Accession to the throne
Güyük's accession to the throne was encouraged by his mother, the regent Töregene , through intrigues and bribery and was delayed until 1246 by his rival Batu , the khan of the Golden Horde . After the Russian campaign (1237/38), both princes had quarreled over the question of priority, with Batu being scolded as an "old woman" and Güyük leaving the army without permission. Since then they have been rivals, which (despite formal observance of the rules of the game) led to an internal split in the Mongol Empire.
Audience for Johannes de Plano Carpini
The Johannes de Plano Carpinis mission falls during his reign . Only four months after his appointment as the new khagan did he grant Plano Carpini and his embassy an audience in the yurt camp near the capital Karakorum , although they were already present at his enthronement in the camp. At this audience, Johannes de Plano Carpini should have presented the new khagan with a letter he had brought from the Pope, urging him to stop the fighting of the Mongols against the Christians. Since the unsolicited appearance of an opposing delegation according to Mongolian tradition meant that the khagan wanted to submit to him, he sent this delegation back with a letter from his side after the reception. In this document he now called on Pope Innocent IV with an added hidden threat to come to him immediately with the other kings in order to submit to him personally.
Character and government
Güyük Khan was seen as haughty and sinister, which brought him rebuke and ultimately unbridgeable distrust. ( "You are said to be very angry. Do you think the Orusut (i.e., the Russians) people have submitted to fear of your anger and anger?" His father's address in The Secret History .) But he brought one An orderly government came about by reinstating his father's well-known ministers and putting an end to the arbitrariness of Töregenes' time.
death
The khagan moved to his home lands on the Imil in 1248 and from there on to the Ili region , supposedly to meet and reconcile with his cousin Batu . On the way he generously gathered an army around him. Batu was warned of Güyük's intentions by Sorghaghtani Beki , so he also raised an army and went to meet him. Seven to ten days' march before the military conflict with Batu Khan, Güyük died. Poisoning is likely to be the cause of death.
After Güyük's death, his widow Ogul Qaimish was given the reign.
literature
- JA Boyle: Genghis Khan. The History of the World Conqueror . Manchester 1997 (translation by Ata-Malik Juvaini ).
- JA Boyle: The successors of Genghis Khan . New York / London 1971 (translation by Raschid ed Din ).
- F. Schmieder: Customer from the Mongols . Sigmaringen 1997 (text by Johannes de Plano Carpini ).
- Manfred Taube (ed.): Secret history of the Mongols . Leipzig / Weimar 1989.
- Rene Grousset: The steppe peoples . Essen 1975.
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Töregene (interim reign, 1241–1246), Ugedai Khan |
Mongolian Khagan 1246 -1 248 |
Ogul Qaimish (interim reign , 1248–1251), Möngke Khan |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Güyük Khan |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mongolian Great Khan |
DATE OF BIRTH | 1206 |
DATE OF DEATH | March 1248 or April 1248 |