Ogul Qaimish

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Ogul Qaimish (* before 1216; † 1251) was the main wife of Güyük Khan , who was transferred to rule over the Mongol Empire after his death in 1248 . She was a descendant of the Merkites or Oirats .

She was handed over to Güyük as wife after Genghis Khan put down the rebellion of her clan in 1216–1219. Ogul Qaimish had two sons, Khoja and Naqu. When her husband died in Turkestan , she brought his horde as apanage to Ögedei Khan on the Emin He River . Güyük's chief officials Chinqai, Qadaq and Bala helped Ogul with government work. She lacked the political skills of her mother-in-law Töregene , and she spent her time with the Mongolian shamans . Her sons and Ögedei's grandson Shiremun tried to claim the throne themselves, but Ogul was ruled by theTschagatai Khanate , Yesü Möngke , supported.

Before or during Ogul's reign, Eljigidei , one of her husband's generals, sent ambassadors to Louis IX. from France to offer him an alliance against the Muslims . Ludwig then sent his ambassadors, led by André de Longjumeau, to the Mongols, but after Ogul received them in the yurt camp near Alaköl Lake , they sent them back with presents and letters in which they announced the demand for submission to Ludwig.

In 1249 Batu Khan organized a Kurultai , in which Möngke was brought into play as a possible Great Khan. Ogul declined Batu's invitation and instead sent Bala to the meeting demanding that Shiremun or another member of the Ogedei family be elected Khan. At a second Kurultai called up by the sons of Toluid and the Golden Horde in 1251 at the Cherlen River , where Möngke was officially appointed Great Khan, Ogul also refused to appear. Most of the sons Ögedeis and Tschagatais supported them in this.

After their adversary Möngke was elected in 1251, Ogul's sons and Shiremun tried to overthrow him. When the conspiracy was exposed, Khoja was exiled to the South China Front and Shiremun was executed. Ogul and Shiremun's mother Qadaqach were called to the Khan's court and arrested. Ogul was tortured and executed by wrapping her in felt and throwing her into a river.

literature

  • Jack Weatherford. The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire's Crown . Crown Publishers. 2010. ISBN 0307407152 .

Individual evidence

  1. René Grousset . The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia . Rutgers University Press, 1970. ISBN 0813513049 . Page 272.
  2. David Morgan. The Mongols. Wiley, 1986. ISBN 0631175636 . Page 159.
  3. Raschīd al-Dīn , Wheeler McIntosh Thackston. Rashiduddin Fazlullah's Jamiʻuʼt-tawarikh . Page 408.
  4. John Block Frieman, Kristen Mossler Figg and other authors. Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia . Routledge, 2013. ISBN 113559094X . Page 407.