Gabriel de Rochechouart de Mortemart

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Gabriel de Rochechouart de Mortemart (* 1601 ; † December 26, 1675 in Paris ) was a French nobleman and courtier. He was a close friend of Louis XIII. , the father of Madame de Montespan , the mistress of Louis XIV , was made Duke of Mortemart and Pair de France in 1650 and made governor of Paris and Île-de-France in 1669 .

Life

Gabriel de Rochechouart was the son of Gaspard de Rochechouart (1575-1634), baron and later Marquis de Mortemart, Prince de Tonnay-Charente, and Louise Gouyon de Maure, Comtesse de Maure (1574 / 75-1643). He spent most of his childhood as Enfant d'honneur du Dauphin with the Dauphin Ludwig, who in 1610, at the age of eight, became Louis XIII after the murder of Henry IV . Became king of France. From the close familiarity with Louis XIII. he took great advantage as soon as Ludwig could rule without his mother's tutelage. In 1630 the king made him Prime Minister Gentilhomme de la Chambre du Roi and granted him a pension of 6000 livre . As such, he took part in the campaigns led by the king.

Gifted with a brilliant and subtle mind, the Esprit Mortemart , he knew how to maintain the trust of Cardinal Richelieu , as well as the young Queen Anna of Austria , while being careful to stay away from the latter's intrigues. Gabriel de Rochechouart was too cautious to get involved in the conspiracies that were directed against the First Minister without ever succeeding. He knew how to advance his career at court skillfully, in contrast to his brother Louis de Rochechouart, the Comte de Maure († November 9, 1669), who fell out of favor after he opposed the death sentence against Marshal Marillac (beheaded May 10th, 1669) 1632), or his cousin François de Rochechouart, Chevalier de Jars, who was sentenced to death after the Journée des Dupes (November 11, 1630). However, according to Leclerc, he helped Richelieu prepare for the fall of Cinq-Mars .

On May 14, 1633 he was accepted into the Ordre du Saint-Esprit , in 1634 he inherited, who until then was called Marquis de Vivonne , his father's property and titles (Marquis de Mortemart, Prince de Tonnay-Charente etc.), in 1643 the his mother (Comte de Maure).

Gabriel de Rochechouart used the same caution and skill under the reign of Anna of Austria (1643–1651), during the Fronde (1648–1653) and the reign of Cardinal Mazarin (1642–1661). In December 1650, the Marquis de Mortemart was elevated to Duc de Mortemart and Pair de France (the registration took place on December 15, 1663). In 1668 he was also appointed Duc de Vivonne. Louis XIV appointed him governor of Paris and Île-de-France in 1669.

Marriage and offspring

Gabriel de Rochechouart married Diane de Grandseigne (* around 1610), daughter of Jean de Grandseigne, Seigneur de Marillac, and Catherine de La Béraudière in 1632. Your children are:

  • Gabrielle (1633 - September 12, 1693); ⚭ 1655 Claude Léonor Damas, Marquis de Thianges, Comte de Chalencey, attested 1645/71
  • Louis-Victor (born August 25, 1636 in Paris - † September 15, 1688), Prince de Tonnay-Charente, 1669 Marshal and General de Galeeren, 1675 2nd Duc de Mortemart et de Vivonne, Pair de France, Marquis de Lussac, de Saint-Victurnien et d'Everly, 1675 Marshal of France ; ⚭ September 1655 Antoinette Louise de Mesme (* 1640/41; † March 10, 1709), daughter of Henri de Mesme, Seigneur de Roissy, and Marie de la Vallée-Fossée
  • Marie-Christine de Rochechouart de Mortemart, nun of Chaillot (Paris)
  • Françoise de Rochechouart de Mortemart , called Athénaïs and La Marquise de Montespan (~ October 5, 1640; † May 26/27, 1707), favorite of Louis XIV from 1667–1679, from whom he had seven children, in 1678 spiritual in Saint -Joseph de Paris, 1679 Duchesse; ⚭ (marriage contract January 28, 1663) Henri de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Marquis de Montespan, separated 1674 († 1701)
  • Marie-Madeleine de Rochechouart de Mortemart (* 1644/45; † August 15, 1704), called la rein des abbesses , who translated Platon together with Racine , 1670 Abbess of Fontevrault

The Duchess of Mortemart died on February 11, 1666 in Poitiers , she was buried in the local church of Sainte-Catherine-de-Sienne. The Duke of Mortemart died in Paris on December 26, 1675 and was buried in the Cimetière de Picpus .

literature

  • William James Roberts: France: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present. New York 2004
  • Louis-Victor-Léon de Rochechouart, Histoire de la Maison de Rochechouart (Paris 1859)
  • Detlev Schwennicke , European Family Tables , Volume III.4 (1989) Plate 787f
  • Georges Martin, Histoire et Généalogie de la Maison de Rochechouart , Imprimerie Mathias, 1990

Web links

Commons : Gabriel de Rochechouart, Duke of Mortemart  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Étienne Pattou, Famille de Rochechouart, Mortemart & vicomtes de Rochechouart , S 14 ( accessed online on April 10, 2020)

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Esprit Mortemart is a special form of quick-wittedness and pun that was said to belong to the Rochechouart family from the 17th century onwards, and which made it possible to address critical issues to the king; his daughter Françoise, Madame de Montespan, was said to have this esprit, Talleyrand took it on for his great-grandmother Marie-Françoise de Rochechouart, and Marcel Proust assigns the Duchess of Guermantes an esprit des Guermantes comme l'esprit des Mortemart ( wikisource ); Finally, Saint-Simon recognized him in his memoirs among the descendants of Gaspard de Rochechouart over four or five generations (DJH van Elden, Esprits fins et esprits géométriques dans les portraits de Saint-Simon , chapter Le mythe de l'esprit Mortemart dans les Mémoires de Saint-Simon , Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1975)
  2. ^ Jean Leclerc, Histoire du Cardinal de Richelieu , 1753
personal data
SURNAME Rochechouart de Mortemart, Gabriel de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marquis de Mortemart; Duc de Mortemart
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nobleman, governor of Paris and Île-de-France
DATE OF BIRTH 1601
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1675
Place of death Paris