Three-horned bedstraw

Three-horned bedstraw
	Three-horned bedstraw ( Galium tricornutum )
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family :	Red family (Rubiaceae)
Genre :	Bedstraws ( Galium )
Type :	Three-horned bedstraw
Scientific name
	Galium tricornutum
	dandy

The Dreihörnige bedstraw ( Galium tricornutum ) is a native of Central Europe plant species from the family of the redness plants (Rubiaceae).

description

The stems and the edges of the leaves are covered with downward spines.

The fruit stalks are bent down immediately after they have faded. The partial inflorescences are shorter than the leaves.

The fruits are covered with small, pointed papillae.

drawing

The three-horned bedstraw is an annual herbaceous plant . It reaches heights of growth of 10 to 80 cm. The stems are lying or climbing, are square and have downward spiky bristles.

The leaves are single-veined or only indistinctly veined and there are six or eight in whorls . They have a spike tip, are bare on the upper side, on the leaf margin are backward-pointing spines .

The flowers are in three-flowered partial inflorescences . They do not protrude beyond the support sheet and are arranged in layers. The crown is greenish-white, has no distinct tube and is narrower than the ripe fruit . The fruit stalks are curved back.

The dry fruits disintegrate into two single-seeded partial fruits. These are egg-shaped, 3 to 5 millimeters long. The surface of the fruit is covered with short spiky warts.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 44.

Distribution and locations

The distribution area of the three-horned bedstraw extends from Europe to the western Himalayas and the Arabian Peninsula. In Central Europe the species is an archaeophyte . In Austria it is threatened with extinction. It died out in South Tyrol. It grows in fields and debris, mostly on moderately dry, nutrient-rich, rather chalky soils. It rises to the submontane altitudinal zone . It is a character species of the Caucalidion lappulae association in Central Europe.

literature

Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 769 .
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Galium tricornutum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 29, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Three Horned Bedstraw - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Galium tricornutum Dandy, three-horned bedstraw. In: FloraWeb.de.
Three-horned bedstraw . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Galium tricornutum Dandy In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 29, 2016.
Thomas Meyer: Bedstraw data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 769 .

[WCSP-2] Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Galium tricornutum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 29, 2016.