Gambella Peoples' Democratic Movement
The Gambela People's Democratic Movement (abbreviated GPDM ; Amharic የጋምቤላ ሕዝቦች ዴሞክራሲያዊ ንቅናቄ Yeh-Gambella Həzbočč Demokrasiyawi Nəqnaqe , German Democratic movement of the peoples Gambellas ; also Gambella People's Democratic Movement or Gambella Peoples' Unity Democratic Movement GPUDM , ጋምቤላ ሕዝቦች አንድነት ዴሞክራሲያዊ ንቅናቄ Gambälla Həzbočč Andinet Demokrasiyawi Nəqnaqe ) was a political party in the Gambela region in Ethiopia . It dominated the region politically and was allied with the national coalition of the Revolutionary Democratic Front of the Ethiopian Peoples (EPRDF).
The party existed as GPD (U) M existed since 2003. Former regional allies of the EPRDF were the Gambella People's Liberation Movement (GPLM) 1991-1998 and the Gambella People's Democratic Front (GPDF) 1998-2003. On December 1, 2019, it joined forces with the government coalition EPRDF to form the new Prosperity Party .
history
precursor
In 1979, educated members of the Anuak ethnic group in western Ethiopia founded the Gambella People's Liberation Movement (GPLM). This began a guerrilla struggle against the communist Derg regime under Mengistu Haile Mariam . However, it did not succeed in mobilizing large parts of the population or keeping “liberated areas” under its control. She therefore turned to the Oromo Liberation Front , which only wanted to support the GPLM if it recognized the Anuak as a "black Oromo".
In the 1980s, the GPLM instead moved closer to the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), which increasingly emerged as the strongest resistance movement. The GPLM gave up its demand for independence and now pursued the goal of autonomy within Ethiopia, thus complying with the TPLF program. When the TPLF formed the EPRDF coalition with other organizations in 1989 , the GPLM was not accepted as a full member, but allied with this coalition.
When the EPRDF pushed south in 1990/91, the Derg regime left the Gambela area and the EPRDF occupied it along with a small contingent of the GPLM. She disempowered the regional leadership made up of members of the Nuer who had come to terms with the Derg regime, and settled old accounts with this other large ethnic group of Gambela. The Nuer then founded the Gambella People's Democratic Unity Party (GPDUP), which was recognized by the EPRDF and later made equal to the GPLM.
Founding the party
The GPLM has been weakened by internal disputes, mainly between Anuak from villages on the Baro or Upeno, known as Upeno boys , and Anuak from villages on the Gilo . Before the 1995 general election, a number of members of the Upeno group, including regional president Okello Ouman , were detained and forced out of the party, giving the Gilo group the upper hand within the GPLM.
In 1998 the EPRDF ordered the merger of the GPLM and the Nuer party GPDUP to form the Gambella People's Democratic Front (GPDF). Dissatisfied Anuak then founded the Gambella People's Democratic Congress . When this opposition party gained strength in the run-up to the 2000 elections, a number of its leaders were jailed.
In 2003 the central government forced the dissolution of the GPDF and replaced it with the GPDM as a coalition of three newly formed ethnically defined parties. These three parties were the Nuer People's Democratic Organization , in which the Nuer and the Opo were amalgamated , the Anyua People's Democratic Organization as an amalgamation of Anuak and Komo, and the Majanger People's Democratic Organization for the Majangir .
Recent election results
In the parliamentary elections in Ethiopia in 2005 , the party won all three Gambela seats in the national parliament ( People's House of Representatives ). In the regional elections in 2005, she received 81 of the 82 seats in the regional parliament. The Vice-Chairman of the Committee for Social Affairs in the Federal Council of Ethiopia is a member of the GPDM.
In 2010 Umod Ubong was chairman of the GPDM or GPUDM and head of government of Gambela.
See also
supporting documents
- ↑ National Electoral Authority of Ethiopia : Page no longer available , search in web archives: A Summary of Political Parties / Independent Candidates Running for the Year 2005 Regional Parliamentary Election . Retrieved May 10, 2010.
- ↑ a b GPUDM vows to ensure public benefit from fruits of dev't ( Memento of the original from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in: Gambella Star News, May 3, 2010.
- ^ National Electoral Authority: Party Symbols and Logos, English version . Retrieved May 9, 2010.
- ↑ National Electoral Authority of Ethiopia : Party symbols and logos, Amharic version . Retrieved May 9, 2010.
- ^ A b c d Human Rights Watch: Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights Violations and Crimes against Humanity in Ethiopia's Gambella Region
- ^ A b c John Young: Along Ethiopia's Western Frontier: Gambella and Benishangul in Transition , in: The Journal of Modern African Studies , Vol. 37/2, June 1999, pp. 321-346
- ↑ Medhane Tadesse: Gambella: The impact of local conflict on regional security , Institute for Security Studies, Tshwane (Pretoria) (pp. 9-19)
- ↑ Chan Gatkuoth: Gambella Conflicts: The Role of the Government in Preventing and Resolving Conflicts , in: Wolbert Smidt CG: Discussing conflict in Ethiopia. Conflict Management and Resolution: Proceedings of the Conference "Ethiopian and German Contributions to Conflict Management and Resolution", Addis Ababa, 11 to 12 November 2005 , African Studies 32, 2007, ISBN 9783825897956 (p. 164)
- ↑ Official election results for the House of Peoples' Representatives ( Memento of April 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF), electionsethiopia.org.
- ^ National Election Board: Winner Parties of State Councils ( Memento of July 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ).
- ^ Official English language website of the Ethiopian Parliament ( Memento from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
