Garden hyacinth

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Garden hyacinth
Garden hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis)

Garden hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis )

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Scilloideae
Genre : Hyacinths ( hyacinthus )
Type : Garden hyacinth
Scientific name
Hyacinthus orientalis
L.

The garden hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis ) is a species of hyacinth ( Hyacinthus ) in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae).

features

The garden hyacinth is a perennial onion plant that reaches heights of 15 to 40 centimeters. In the wild form there are (4) 6 to 8 leaves with a width of 0.4 to 1.5 centimeters, with varieties they are 1 to 3 (4) centimeters wide. The leaves are upright, runny and have a hood tip. The flowers of the wild form are violet-blue, rarely white. The perigone lobes of Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. orientalis are 1/2 to 4/5 as long as the tube, in Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. chionophilus they are as long as the tube.

The flowering time is in April, sometimes also in May.

The chromosome number is 2n = 16, but the numbers 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 30 also occur.

Occurrence

The subspecies Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. orientalis originally comes from southern Turkey and western Syria to northern Israel and was naturalized in southern France , Italy and the southern Balkans . It grows on limestone slopes and in bushes at altitudes of 400 to 1,600 meters. Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. chionophilus occurs in southern central Turkey on limestone slopes, gravel and cliffs, often on melting snow, at altitudes of 1,600 to 2,500 meters.

Systematics

Two subspecies have been described:

  • Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. orientalis : It originally occurs from southern Turkey to northern Israel.
  • Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. chionophilus Wendelbo: ​​It occurs in southern and central Turkey.
Hyacinthus orientalis

use

The garden hyacinth is widely used as an ornamental plant in borders, bowls and in forcing. In the perfume industry in the south of France it was used to extract fragrances until phenylacetaldehydes were used. It has been in culture in the Orient since antiquity and in Central Europe since around 1560. There are over 100 known varieties. These have 20 to 40 flowers, the color spectrum of which includes pale to dark purple blue, pale to dark pink, red, light to dark yellow, orange, salmon-colored and white. The flowers can also be double.

literature

  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tropicos. [1]
  2. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hyacinthus orientalis - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on September 7, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Garden Hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files