Hyacinths

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Hyacinths
Garden hyacinth (Hyacinthus orientalis)

Garden hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Scilloideae
Genre : Hyacinths
Scientific name
Hyacinthus
L.
Growing in a hyacinth jar

The hyacinths ( Hyacinthus ) form a genus of plants in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). In the past they were counted among the lily family (Liliaceae). The genus consists of three species that bloom in spring. Your home is in the Orient. The decorative and fragrant varieties known today are descendants of Hyacinthus orientalis , the type species of the genus. The hyacinth was introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant in the 16th century. Since the 18th century many new varieties with large flowers and in numerous colors (white, yellow, red and pink in various shades, blue, purple and blue to almost black) have emerged through intensive crossing and selection. The name comes from Greek mythology. According to one version, the beautiful youth Hyakinthos ( Greek  Ὑάκινθος ) was accidentally killed by the god Apollon through a discus. Out of grief, Apollo turned the drops of blood into flowers.

description

Hyacinthus species are perennial herbaceous plants . The bulbs of these geophytes are squat and surrounded by fleshy scales. The glossy green leaves that appear at the same time as the flowers are narrow and striped.

The flowers crowd on short racemose inflorescences . The comparatively short-stalked flowers are hermaphroditic, threefold and have a penetratingly sweet smell. The six petals of the same shape are fused together over 2 ⁄ 5 to 2 ⁄ 3 of their length; the free part is bent back. The styluses are short. The flowering period extends from March to April.

There are fruit capsules formed. The spherical seeds are blackish brown.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16, 18.

Occurrence

The area of ​​the hyacinths extends from the Middle East to southern Turkmenistan and northeast Iran.

species

The genus of hyacinths includes the following species:

  • Hyacinthus litwinovii Czerniak. : The homeland is Turkmenistan and northern Iran.
  • Garden hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis L. ): The home extends from southern Turkey to Israel; with the subspecies:
    • Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. orientalis
    • Hyacinthus orientalis subsp. chionophilus Wendelbo : Home is Turkey.
  • Hyacinthus transcaspicus Litv. : The homeland is Turkmenistan and northwestern Iran.

gallery

  • Hyacinth (wild form) near Adana (Turkey)

  • Hyacinth (wild form) in Galilee (Israel)

  • Collection of varieties in the Prague Botanical Garden (2010)

  • Flower details

  • Development of an inflorescence

literature

  • M. Pfosser, F. Speta: Phylogenetics of Hyacinthaceae based on plastid DNA sequences. In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Vol. 86, 1999, pp. 852-875.
  • Franz Speta : Hyacinthaceae . In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Volume 3, Lilianae . 1998, Hyacinthus p. 282 ( Google Book ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rearing in a special glass
  2. ↑ Christian Grunert: The great bulb book. Berlin: VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, 1990, ISBN 3 331-00193-7 .
  3. ↑ Fritz Köhlein, The great book of rock garden plants. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-6559-7 .
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Hyacinthus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 20, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Hyacinths ( Hyacinthus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files