Street court

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Various meanings are associated with the term street court . In general, it is based on the fact that a street court is a public court, "which is held in the street or is occupied with people from the street."

In Switzerland, the term Gassengericht (also called local, Weibel, Busses or guest courts ) is used in a more specific meaning as an instance of lower jurisdiction in criminal matters and civil disputes between locals and foreigners. These courts were held under the presidency of a country woman , a country man , a talam man or a governor. The trial was public and oral and the judgment irrevocable. Depending on the canton, these street courts lasted until the 19th century.

In Austria and Germany in the late Middle Ages and early modern times, street courts were introduced in those places in which different rulers had property rights; Historically, this has to do with the fact that the dominions consisted of free float and did not (always) have closed territories. A street court was supposed to regulate the disputes, rumor trades and also other decisions about fence and grazing rights between the subjects of different rulers that took place on the street . It could also happen that this right was alternately granted to one rulership and the next year to the other, for example in the area of Urfahr , where the rulers Wildberg and Steyreck had possessions, similarly in the lower Mühlviertel , where the Zelkingers had been in St Thomas at the bladder stone exercised the street court. In the Bavarian town of Kötz , the street court was shared between the patrician family of the Holzapfel von Herxheim and the realm of Wettenhausen until 1806 . A street court could also be awarded as free own by the sovereign.

literature

  • Georg Grüll : Weinberg: The emergence of a Mühlviertel economic rule. In: Communications from the Upper Austrian Provincial Archives. Volume 4, Linz 1955, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
  • Franz Wilflingseder : History of the rule Lustenfelden near Linz (Kaplanhof). Book publisher of the Democratic Printing and Publishing Society (special publications on the history of the city of Linz), Linz 1952.
  • Helen Stockmann: About the street courts of Uri, Schwyz, Nidwalden and Appenzell. Dissertation Uni Zurich, Burch & Cie., Lungern 1942.
  • Street court. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 4 : Forschel – retainer - (IV, 1st section, part 1). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1878 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  • Guest dish. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 4 : Forschel – retainer - (IV, 1st section, part 1). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1878 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  • Street court . In: Prussian Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 3 , Issue 8 (edited by Eberhard von Künßberg ). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de - publication date between 1935 and 1938).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Street Court . In: Prussian Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 3 , Issue 8 (edited by Eberhard von Künßberg ). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de - publication date between 1935 and 1938).
  2. ↑ Hans Stadler: Gassengerichte. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  3. ^ Franz Wilflingseder, 1952, p. 116.
  4. ↑ Georg Grüll, 1955, p. 126.