Banded hornbeam milkling
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Banded hornbeam milkling ( Lactarius circellatus ) |
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The banded hornbeam milkling ( Lactarius circellatus ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . It is also known as the Banded Milchling or Hornbeam Milchling . The mushroom is a medium-sized to fairly large milkling with a slightly greasy, gray-zoned hat and cream- to ocher-colored lamellae. The species is a mycorrhizal fungus of the hornbeam , the fruiting bodies appear between June and October.
features
Macroscopic features
The cap is 3–7 (10) cm wide and flat convex in young fruiting bodies, later spread out flat and more or less depressed in the middle. The hat surface is smooth to slightly uneven and, especially towards the edge, slightly finely flaky. The skin of the hat becomes slightly greasy when wet. The hat is gray and often tinted pink or purple. In places it is more or less white frosted and as a rule markedly darker concentrically zoned. The colors can fade easily with age. The edge is smooth and remains curved for a long time.
The rather narrow to medium-wide lamellae are whitish when young and later cream to ocher yellow. They are relatively often forked and narrow on the stem. Sometimes they also run down with a tooth on a stick. The blade edges are smooth and the spore powder is cream-colored.
The cylindrical stem measures 2.5–4.5 × 1–2.5 cm. It is full when young and then hollow. The stem surface is smooth to fine, longitudinally fibrous. Young fruiting bodies have a cream-colored stem, which later becomes ocher-gray in the upper third and reddish-ocher in the lower thirds and sometimes gets orange-brown spots.
The meat is white and smells pleasantly spicy. It tastes mild and pleasant at first, but after a while it tastes a bit bitter or astringent. The milk is white and slowly turns green to cream-colored. Even with KOH , it does not yellow or barely noticeably. Their taste is bitter to pungent.
Microscopic features
The almost spherical to broadly elliptical spores are 6.6–7.0 µm long and 5.3–5.8 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.0–1.4. The spore ornament is up to 1 µm high and consists of individual warts and ridged ribs that are arranged like zebra stripes and are not or only very sporadically connected to open meshes. The isolated warts are often elongated burrs. The hillock is inamyloid or partially amyloid. The 40–46 µm long and 9–10 µm wide basidia are cylindrical to club-shaped and usually have four sterigms .
The numerous 45–70 µm long and 8–9 µm wide pleuromacrocystids are spindle-shaped to lanceolate in shape. In addition to the basidia, numerous cheilomacrocystids occur on the heterogeneous lamellar edges . These are spindle-shaped to cylindrical or narrow, bottle-shaped and measure 25–55 µm × 5–9 µm. Your cell walls are sometimes slightly thickened.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a tangled, 70-100 µm thick ixotrichoderm and consists of more or less parallel and ascending, 2-6 µm wide hyphae and hyphae fragments. Individual lactifera are interspersed in the gelled hyphae .
Species delimitation
The Sharp Hazel Milkling ( L. pyrogalus ) looks very similar. He has almost the same hat and lamella color and his spurs are decorated in almost the same way. It differs from the Banded Hornbeam Milchling in that its hat is barely or only slightly zoned and its hat skin is significantly smearier. In addition, its slats are a little further apart. Microscopically, the two species differ in that the pleuromacrocystids in the Sharp Hazel-Milchling are significantly longer. The Sharp Hazel Milchling usually grows in hazelnut bushes .
The fruiting bodies of the gray-green milkling ( L. blennius ) and the brown-spotted milkling ( L. fluens ) can also look similar. Both have somewhat paler lamellas and their spurs are ornamented differently. While the gray-green milkling is a companion fungus to the common beech, the brown-spotted milkling often also grows in hornbeams. His hat usually has a conspicuous, whitish rim. The hat skin of the gray-green and brown-spotted milklings is also structured somewhat differently.
Ecology and diffusion
The species is found on nutrient-rich, fresh soils under hornbeams, both in forests and in gardens or parks. The fruiting bodies appear solitary to gregarious from June to early October.
The Milchling was found in North America (USA, Canada), North Africa (Morocco), in North Asia (Japan) and Europe. In Europe the Milchling is quite widespread, but mostly only scattered. It looks like its natural spread follows the spread of its mycorrhizal partner.
The Banded Hornbeam Milchling is rare in Germany and Switzerland, but it is possible that it is often not recognized or not differentiated from the Sharp Hazel Milchling.
Systematics
The banded hornbeam milkling is placed in the Pyrogali section by M. Bon . The representatives of the section have damp, greasy or sticky hats. Your milk is usually white and stays that way. When the milk dries up, it does not leave any stains on the lamellas, but occasionally a slight yellowing or greening may occur. M. Basso and Heilmann-Clausen put the species in the Pyrogalini Singer subsection , which in turn is in the Glutinosi Quel. stands. The banded hornbeam milkling is closely related to the hazel milkling. Therefore, the two species were often synonymous in the past , that is, viewed as identical.
meaning
The banded hornbeam milkling is considered inedible.
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Lactarius circellatus. Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. (Upsaliae): 338 (1838). In: Index Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved January 13, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 84 .
- ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 54.
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 50 (English).
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Lactarius circellatus . In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org . Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 271-73 (English).
- ↑ Denchev, Cvetomir M. & Boris Assyov: CHECKLIST OF THE MACROMYCETES OF CENTRAL BALKAN MOUNTAIN (BULGARIA) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 289 ( http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0088/0289.htm cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed January 9, 2012]).
- ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved January 13, 2012 .
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius circellatus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius circellatus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, photos and original Latin diagnosis).
- Lactarius circellatus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved September 8, 2014 (Italian, photos of the Banded Hornbeam Milchling).
