Gedser wind turbine

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The top of the Gedser wind turbine , exhibited in the outdoor area of ​​the Gudenaacentralen Energy Museum in Bjerringbro

The Gedser Wind Turbine , also known as Gedser Mill , was a wind turbine that was built near the town of Gedser in the south of the Danish island of Falster . It was built with the help of the Marshall Plan in 1956 by wind power pioneer Johannes Juul for the power company Sydsjællands Elektricitets Aktieselskab and was officially inaugurated on July 26, 1957. Its innovative design was a major breakthrough in the history of the development of wind turbines, at the same time it became the " archetype " of the "Danish wind turbine" that prevailed after the energy crisis in 1973 . Nacelle and rotor are now a museum display.

history

The system was designed by Johannes Juul (1887–1969), who in 1904 trained as an electrician with the wind energy pioneer Poul la Cour at the Askov adult education center for six months . Before building the Gedser plant, he had built two smaller AC wind turbines in Vester Egesborg near Næstved and on the island of Bogø in the early 1950s .

After the latter had shown good results, the "Ministry of Public Works" granted Juul 300,000 crowns in 1954 for the construction of a test facility. As a result, as with his previous systems, Juul acquired an existing wind motor in Gedser and completely rebuilt it from 1956. Regular operation began in 1958, and in the first year of operation the system fed 356,920 kWh of electrical energy into the power grid . Last but not least, it also received international attention and served as a model for a British test facility. In addition, it ran very reliably; There was no major damage to her for eleven years.

In 1962, an investigation report by the Danish Wind Power Committee stated that apart from a few minor difficulties in the initial phase, the plant had worked satisfactorily and could therefore "serve as a model for an industrially manufactured mill if there was interest in such a mill". At the same time, however, the chairman of the wind power committee and power station director Poulsen-Hansen made a cost comparison in this report, according to which the costs caused by the system would have to be below the fuel costs of conventional thermal power stations in order to be economical. This was not the case, especially since fuel costs had fallen continuously over that decade. In 1962 the electricity production costs of a Gedser-type plant were 6.1–6.8 Öre / kWh, while the fuel costs for fossil power plants were 2.9–3.2 Öre. Juul distanced himself from this view and made his own cost comparison, in which he included the total generation costs of thermal power plants, and promised an improvement through further development of the turbines, even if the Gedser plant already achieved very good values. However, he was not allowed to include a contrary opinion in the report. In 1966, the Gedser plant was finally shut down, but without being demolished.

After the initial situation had changed in the 1970s as a result of the rise in fuel prices and the energy debate, the system was overhauled from November 1977 to March 1979 as part of a test series by NASA for the US wind energy program and, equipped with a number of sensors, put back into trial operation. As early as 1975 a committee of the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences had re-examined the use of wind energy as such and its economic efficiency in Denmark. According to this, the Gedser plant was economical compared to conventional power plants at energy prices in the 1970s, provided that its efficiency could be increased from 24% to 30-40%. The system then ran for more years and provided additional test data for the further development of wind energy in Denmark. Overall, the system fed approx. 2.2 million kWh of electricity into the grid during its operating time.

In 1992 the plant was dismantled. In 2006 the nacelle and the rotor blades were finally transported to the Energy Museum near Bjerringbro in Central Jutland and reassembled as part of the museum exhibition. Further exhibits from the history of wind energy use can also be viewed there.

construction

The plant in Gedser, equipped with three rotor blades, was the first large wind turbine in Denmark. With a nominal output of 200 kW, it had a rotor diameter of 24 meters and fed directly into the Danish power grid by means of an asynchronous generator . Its electromechanical wind direction tracking, the asynchronous generator and the three rotor blades with stall control made the system the prototype of the “Danish design”, which proved to be very successful in the pioneering phase of wind energy use. The power limitation was thus purely passively through flow stall ; the centrifugal force-controlled moving blade tips were only used in the event of a power failure in order to avoid overspeed. This design not only served as the basis for further developments in Denmark (such as the so-called 630 kW “Nibe twins” commissioned in 1979/80), but was also adopted by wind turbine manufacturers all over the world.

The measurement results obtained during the second operating period from the end of the 1970s, along with the technical documentation for the W34 constructed by Ulrich Hütter in Germany, were the basis for NASA's wind power program from the mid-1970s. In contrast to the technically demanding, lightweight W34, in the tradition of which later failed systems such as the Growian and the American Mod systems also stood, the Gedser system was designed to be simple and robust and thus proved to be suitable for wind power use.

The key features of the plant were its simple and robust design, its safety features and its low production costs. It is one of the most important innovations in Denmark since the Second World War . In addition, the construction of the Gedser plant is classified as groundbreaking for modern use of wind energy. In 2006 her design was included in Denmark's cultural canon .

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b The Wind Energy Pioneers: The Gedser Wind Turbine . Danish Wind Energy Agency. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
  2. ↑ Alois Schaffarczyk (Ed.): Introduction to wind energy technology. Munich 2012, p. 37.
  3. ^ Matthias Heymann: History of the use of wind energy 1890–1990. Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 313.
  4. ^ Matthias Heymann: History of the use of wind energy 1890–1990. Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 315.
  5. ↑ Mario Neukirch: The international pioneering phase of wind energy use. Diss. Göttingen 2010, p. 301 ( online ).
  6. ^ Matthias Heymann: History of the use of wind energy 1890–1990. Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 315 f.
  7. ^ Matthias Heymann: History of the use of wind energy 1890–1990. Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 316 f.
  8. ^ Matthias Heymann: History of the use of wind energy 1890–1990. Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 358.
  9. ^ Matthias Heymann: History of the use of wind energy 1890–1990. Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 356.
  10. ^ Paul Gipe: Wind energy comes of age. John Wiley & Sons, p. 54.
  11. ↑ Wind power ( Memento of the original from February 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website of the Energy Museum. Retrieved March 31, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / energimuseet.dk
  12. ↑ Robert Gasch , Jochen Twele (Ed.): Wind power plants. Basics, design, planning and operation. Springer, Wiesbaden 2013, p. 34.
  13. ↑ Mario Neukirch, The international pioneer phase of wind energy use , Diss. Göttingen 2010, p. 21 ( online ).
  14. ↑ a b Gedsermøllen ( Memento of the original from December 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Energimuseet, Bjerringbrovej 44, 8850 Bjerringbro, Viborg (Danish). Retrieved March 28, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.moellearkivet.dk
  15. ↑ Erich Hau: Wind power plants: Basics, technology, use, economy . Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, p. 40.
  16. ↑ Mario Neukirch: The international pioneering phase of wind energy use. Diss. Göttingen 2010, p. 45 ( online ).
  17. ↑ Peter Jamisson, Innovation in Wind Turbine Design . John Wiley & Sons 2011, p. 4.
  18. ↑ Gedser Forsøgsmølle, 1957; Johannes Juul (1887–1969). (pdf, 4 MB) In: Kulturkanon. Kulturministeriet (Danish Ministry of Culture), January 2006, p. 29 , accessed on 31 July 2017 .