Winged Figwort

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Winged Figwort
Winged figwort (Scrophularia umbrosa ssp.neesii)

Green Figwort ( Scrophularia umbrosa ssp. Neesii )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae)
Tribe : Scrophularieae
Genre : Brownwort ( Scrophularia )
Type : Winged Figwort
Scientific name
Scrophularia umbrosa
Dumort.

The Green Figwort or wing Figwort ( Scrophularia umbrosa ) is a plant from the genus of scrophularia ( Scrophularia ).

description

The winged figwort is a perennial , herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of between 40 and 100 cm. Occasionally it can also get significantly higher. The stem grows upright. It is sometimes branched in the upper part. The edges of the stem and also the leaf stalks are extended into four more or less wide, membranous wings. The leaves are elongated to ovate-elongated in shape. They are sharply toothed or notched in the lower part.

The mostly loose inflorescence contains red-brown, greenish-yellow at the base, about 6 to 8 mm long flowers. The calyx lobes are rounded and very blunt. The seeds are 0.8 mm long and 0.07 mg in weight.

The winged figwort blooms mainly in the months June to August and fruit from August to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26 or 52.

ecology

The plant is a winter stand. It is a light to partial shade plant. The seeds are spread by wind and water. The flowers are wasp flowers.

Systematics

A synonym for Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort. is Scrophularia alata Gilib.

There are two subspecies of the winged figwort:

  • Scrophularia umbrosa subsp. umbrosa (winged figwort ie S.), in which all the leaves are sharply serrated and taper to a point. The staminodium of this subspecies is twice as wide as it is long, inverted-heart-shaped, two-columned and narrowed into the stem.
  • Scrophularia umbrosa subsp. neesii (host) E. Mayer (notched figwort), in which the lower leaves taper off and are notched. Only the middle and upper ones are sawn. The staminodium of this subspecies is about three times as wide as it is long and has a suddenly separated stalk. It occurs in France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Slovenia and in the former Yugoslavia. Their chromosome number is 2n = 52.
  • Stalk
  • blossom
  • Leaf of
    Scrophularia umbrosa subsp. umbrosa

  • Fruits with seeds

  • Seeds

Occurrence

The winged figwort occurs from Denmark to southern Europe. To the east it penetrates to Central Asia, Pakistan, Siberia and Xinjiang. They are also found in central North America.

In Germany, the winged figwort occurs in the central and southern areas scattered to fairly frequently. It is rare or absent in the north and northwest. It is quite common in Austria and Switzerland. The distribution of the two subspecies has not yet been adequately clarified.

The winged figwort grows in creeks and ditch reeds, in damp bushes and also in flowing water. It usually prefers clayey, often calcareous, muddy and loam soils. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Convolvulo-Epilobietum hirsuti from the Convolvulion Association.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 712 .
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  832 .
  3. ↑ a b Karol Marhold, 2011: Scrophulariaceae : Datasheet Scrophularia umbrosa In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ^ Scrophularia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 21, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Winged Figwort ( Scrophularia umbrosa )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files