Gelatinous explosives
| Gelatinous explosives | |
|---|---|
| Chemical composition | |
| Explosive components |
|
| Other components |
|
| Physical Properties | |
| Density g / cm³ |
approx. 1.45 |
| Oxygen balance % |
about 1.5 |
| Heat of explosion kJ / kg |
approx 4800 |
| Steam volume l / kg |
about 850 |
| Specific energy (l · MPa) / kg |
approx. 1100 |
| Detonation velocity m / s |
5000 to 6200 |
| Explosion temperature K |
unknown |
| Property comparison | |
| Explosiveness | medium |
| Ignition sensitivity | medium |
| Steam volume | medium |
| price | low |
| credentials | |
According to DIN 20163, gelatinous explosives are a subgroup of commercial explosives and are used, among other things, for blasting rocks and structures on a large scale.
composition
Gelatinous explosives consist of aliphatic nitric acid esters , so-called explosive oils , such as glycerol trinitrate , ethylene glycol dinitrate or diethylene glycol dinitrate , aromatic nitro compounds such as dinitrotoluene , trinitrotoluene , and ammonium nitrate or mixtures thereof. To reduce the impact sensitivity, these are gelatinized with 6 to 8% cellulose nitrate or collodion wool. Because of the possible carcinogenic effects, attempts are being made to reduce the proportion of aromatic nitro compounds.
Fine sawdust and glass beads are used as fillers. The gelatinous explosives for rock blasting are colored reddish for identification. The explosives are delivered in rods called cartridges.
Since dynamite was not safe to handle , it was replaced in the following years mainly by the safe gelatinous explosives and the ammonium nitrate explosives .
properties
The gelatinous explosives have on average the characteristic values given in the table below.
Gelatinous explosives are of the explosive between the brisanteren military and less explosive emulsion explosives or powdered explosives and generate steam medium volume, so they are perfectly suitable for blasting buildings.
The explosive oil it contains has a vasodilating effect and can lead to headaches if it comes into contact with the skin or if there is insufficient ventilation.
application
Gelatinous explosives are used for the following purposes:
- Blasting structures and parts of structures.
- Blasting rock.
- Blasting guns .
- Culture sprinkling, e.g. B. trees or ditches.
- For blasting underground gelatinous be weather explosives used, the lower upon detonation explosion generate heat and temperature to firedamp be avoided.
- Some gelatinous explosives (e.g. Gelatin Donarit S) are used as seismic explosives used to create seismic waves in geology , e.g. B. in prospecting and exploration .
Gelatinous explosives are less suitable for the following areas of application:
- Rock extraction in quarries or large borehole blasting : here mostly powdered ANC explosives are used; gelatinous explosives are only used as an additional cargo.
- Metals: due to the only moderate explosiveness of gelatinous explosives, more explosive ones are usually used for cutting in cutting charges, e.g. B. military explosives ( TNT , Hexogen etc.) are used. On the other hand, gelatinous explosives are suitable for forming metals.
Trade names
Gelatinous explosives are sold under the following names:
- Eurodyn 2000 from Orica Troisdorf
- Poladyn from Westspreng Finnentrop
- Gelamon from Sprengstoffwerke Gnaschwitz
- Austrogel G1 and G2 and Gelatine Donarit S from Austin Powder
- Donarit , producer: Sprengstoff AG DONARIT, Hamburg - Schiebusch (historical, First and Second World War)
- Ammongelit was produced by the Sprengmittelwerke Würgendorf as a gelatinous explosive in three variants ( Ammongelit I , Ammongelit II and Ammongelit III ) with different contents of ammonium nitrate and nitroglycol and therefore different blasting characteristics. However, production was discontinued in favor of Eurodyn 2000 .
- Romperit from Sprengstoffverkaufsgesellschaft Berlin, the production has been stopped.
Usage Risks
Gelatinous explosives have some disadvantages compared to emulsion explosives (examples):
- mechanical sensitivity,
- toxic components,
- "Remnants" that have not detonated can be ignited by unintentional drilling or hitting (e.g. the pile),
- toxic components (blasting oil) can be absorbed through the skin or breathing and are contained in the blasting swaths under certain circumstances that are considerably or even hazardous to health,
- The guidelines and standards for explosives must be observed during transport, handling and storage,
- gelatinous explosives age due to exudation of explosive oil or other decomposition phenomena,
- only limited water resistance,
- the hold (e.g. borehole) may not be completely filled.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Data sheet for the explosives Eurodyn 2000 and F19 . Orica Mining Services ( oricaminingservices.com ).
- ↑ Technical data sheets for gelatinous explosives . Austin Powder GmbH, St. Lambrecht ( austinpowder.at ).
- ↑ Technical data sheet Eurodyn 2000 . Orica GmbH, Troisdorf ( oricaminingservices.com ).
- ↑ Technical data sheet Gelamon . Sprengstoffwerke Gnaschwitz GmbH, Schönebeck.
- ^ David Domjahn: Forming metal using Eurodyn 2000. In: sprengen.de . March 23, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017 .
- ^ Josef Köhler, Rudolf Meyer: Explosivstoffe . Wiley-VCH, ISBN 978-3-527-28864-9 .
- ↑ The Romperit blasting culture process . 4th edition. Explosives sales company mbH, Berlin W9 1934.
- ↑ Alfred Maier in Are you allowed to use any explosives? in Der Sprengbefugte , No 200 / June 2018, p. 16.