Georges Mareschal
Georges Mareschal , from 1707 Georges Mareschal, Seigneur de Bièvre (born April 8, 1658 in Calais , France , † December 13, 1736 in Bièvres (Essonne) at Château de Bièvre ) was the first surgeon and confidante of Louis XIV. And Louis XV. as well as co-founder of the “Académie de Chirurgie”.
Life
His father, John Marshall, was an Irishman who served in the army of Louis XIII. served and was ennobled after the Battle of Rocroi (1643) including the official translation of the name into French .
Mareschal came to Paris in 1677 and worked for the master surgeon Simon Le Breton († April 25, 1694). In 1684 he went to the Charité Hospital , Hôpital de la Charité, where in 1688 he received his master's degree, he himself became a “master surgeon” and in 1692 became “chief surgeon” (chief surgeon). He modified and improved the lithotomy ( stone cut ; surgical removal of stones).
In 1703, after having operated on several personalities, including King Louis XIV, Mareschal was appointed “First Surgeon” and later “Maître d'Hôtel”. In 1707 he was raised to the nobility with the addition of "Seigneur de Bièvre" . He was married to Marie Roger (approx. 1665-1738) and they both had three children.
On December 18, 1731, the "Royal Academy of Surgery" ("L'Académie Royale de Chirurgie") , which he co-founded, was opened in Paris , which in 1743 was assimilated to the Faculty of Medicine. After his death, his former student François Gigot de la Peyronie was his successor.
literature
- Mémoires de Saint-Simon . Nouvelle édition… par A. de Boislisle, Hachette, Paris 1879–1930, Volume VI, pp. 28–30: Hernia operation at Marshal de Villeroy (digital copy ) ; Volume IX, p. 315: Stone cut at Fagon (digital copy ) ; Volume X, p. 324 (digitized version) ; Volume XI, pp. 105-108: Mort de Félix. Mareschal premier chirurgien du Roi en sa place; son caractère. (Digitized version) ; Volume XIV, p. 103 (digitized version)
- LJ Bégin. Mareschal, Georges . In: Dictionnaire des sciences médicales. Biography médicale . CLF Panckoucke , Paris 1820–25, Volume VI 1824, pp. 190–91 (digitized version )
- Amédée Dechambre . Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales . Volume 4, G. Masson and P. Asselin, Paris 1871, pp. 775–76 (digitized version )
- Julius Pagel . Mareschal . In: Ernst Julius Gurlt and August Hirsch . Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Volume IV, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna and Leipzig 1886, p. 132 (digitized version)
- Jean Orcibal, Jaques le Brun, Irenee Noye: Correspondance de Fénelon. Volume 17, Verlag Droz, Geneve 1999, ISBN 2-600-00349-5 , p. 119 ( online reading sample ), French
- Mémoires de L'Académie Royale de Chirurgie. Volume 2, p. 31.
- Gabriel Maréschal de Bièvre: Georges Mareschal, seigneur de Bièvre: chirurgien et confident de Louis XIV (1658–1736). 1906.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Genealogy
- ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Mareschal, Georges. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 892.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Mareschal, Georges |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French surgeon |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 8, 1658 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Calais , France |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 13, 1736 |
| Place of death | Château de Bièvre |