Georgi Eliava
Georgi (Giorgi; George) Eliava ( Georgian გიორგი ელიავა , Giorgi Eliawa; born January 13, 1892 in Satschchere ; Satschkeri (West Georgia ); † 1937 Tiflis (?)) Was a Georgian - Soviet bacteriologist .
From 1909 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of Novorossiysk University , then from 1912 to 1914 at the University of Geneva and graduated in 1916 from the Medical Faculty of Moscow University ; According to another source, he received his doctorate in Geneva in 1916. First he became head of the bacteriological laboratory in Trabzon ( Turkey ) in 1916 and then in 1917 head of the bacteriological laboratory in Tbilisi (Georgia). From 1918 to 1921 and from 1926 to 1927 he worked at the Pasteur Institute in Paris , where he worked with Félix Hubert d'Hérelle , the discoverer of bacteriophages .
In 1923 Eliava founded the Tbilisi Bacteriological Institute , which also integrated phage research for the first time. From the beginning the institute was known as the Institute of Microbiology , with Eliava as its first director.
In 1926 the institute was allocated 17 hectares of land on the right bank of the Kura River . It was the first institute in the Soviet Union to use bacteriophages to treat patients. The Center for Bacteriophage Research was both scientifically and pharmaceutically active and supplied the in-house clinic with bacteriophage preparations.
From 1927 Eliava held the chair for hygiene at the medical faculty in Tbilisi, from 1929 the chair for microbiology . In 1934 a plague center was founded in Tbilisi under his direction.
In 1933/34 Eliava proposed the establishment of the Tbilisi Bacteriophage Institute , building on the laboratory of the Bacteriological Institute and with the support of the Soviet government (decree of April 24, 1936). For d'Hérelle, who had been in Georgia and the Soviet Union since April 1933, a management position was planned there. D'Hérelle returned to France in May 1935 and subsequently could not get a visa.
Eliava was due to an intrigue (supposedly a dispute over a common lover) of his rival and party official, who later became intelligence boss Lavrenty Beria was arrested in late January 1937 (married since 1921) with his wife, the Polish-born soprano Amelia Vol Levitskaya probably shot a short time later. Her daughter Hannah Eliava (born 1914) was also arrested in April 1937 and interned in a labor camp in Kazakhstan for nine years .
The institute was expanded into a center for Soviet bacteriophage research (as part of the Georgian Academy of Sciences ), developed and produced phage preparations on a large scale for diseases such as typhoid , blood poisoning and diarrhea . In 1988 Eliava was rehabilitated and the institute was renamed the George Eliava Research Institute of Bacteriophage .
literature
- Anna Kuchment: The Forgotten Cure. The Past and Future of Phage Therapy . Springer Science + Business, New York 2012, p. 23-34
- Thomas Häusler: Healthy through viruses. A way out of the antibiotic crisis . Piper, Munich 2003, p. 127-148
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d samegrelo.geguchadze.com
- ↑ a b c Doctors' deaths: unnatural and violent death in nine chapters by Volker Klimpel, p. 110
- ^ William C. Summers: Félix d'Herelle and the Origins of Molecular Biology . Yale University Press, New Haven 1999, pp. 162-163
- ↑ Anna Kuchment: The Forgotten Cure . New York 2012, pp. 32-33
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Eliava, Georgi |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | ელიავა, გიორგი (Georgian); Eliawa, Georgi; Eliava, George |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Georgian-Soviet bacteriologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 13, 1892 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Punch scissors |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1937 |