Reddened dandelions

Reddened dandelions
	Reddened dandelion ( Taraxacum rubicundum )
Systematics
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Cichorioideae
Tribe :	Cichorieae
Genre :	Dandelion ( taraxacum )
Type :	Reddened dandelions
Scientific name
	Taraxacum rubicundum
	(Dahlst.) Dahlst.

The Reddened dandelion ( Taraxacum rubicundum ) is a plant from the genus dandelion ( Taraxacum ) within the family of Compositae (Asteraceae).

description

illustration

Reddened dandelion in the habitat: blue grass slope (foreground)

Taraxacum rubicundum Kälberhalde O.-Altoberndorf April 23, 2019

Ripe fruit cluster with achenes and pappus

Vegetative characteristics

The reddened dandelion grows as a mostly relatively tender, perennial herbaceous plant .

The foliage leaves , arranged in basal rosettes and mostly lying down, are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The relatively narrow petiole is shiny red-purple. The dark green leaf blade is lobed and the side lobes are usually narrow triangular, toothed.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from mid to late April, and a little earlier in warmer years. The flowers stand together in flower heads. The shell is frosted dark green. The outer bracts are ovate, close-fitting, glabrous and clearly bordered, briefly humped to horned (= calluses). The ray-flowers are light yellow. The scar is brownish green. Pollen is present or absent.

The achenes , which are red-brown in Taraxacum rubicundum, are an important distinguishing feature of calluses dandelions . In Baden-Wuerttemberg there are also types with red achenes, the leaf shape of which is closer to Taraxacum rubicundum , but also to Taraxacum lacistophyllum .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Occurrence

Distribution in Germany

The reddened dandelion occurs all over Germany and is more common in the south. In Thuringia, Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, it is mainly found in the Muschelkalk and Jura regions. The Taraxacum rubicundum is widespread in the limestone regions of northern Bavaria and on the Swabian Alb in Baden-Württemberg .

Location requirements

The reddened dandelion grows in Germany mostly in lime-rich sheep and goat pastures , as well as in mechanically tended semi and fully dry lawns .

Species protection

The reddened dandelion needs nature protection because of its partial endangerment and rarity. The Red List of Fern and Flowering Plants in Germany lists the plant as a type of warning list.

Systematics

It was first described in 1905 as the subspecies Taraxacum erythrospermum subsp. rubicundum by the Swedish botanist Gustav Adolf Hugo Dahlstedt (1856–1934) in Om skandinavaviska Taraxacum-former In: Bot. Not. , Volume 3, 1905, pp. 145-172. Dahlstedt gave it the rank of a species Taraxacum rubicundum in 1906. The specific epithet rubicundum means "strong red".

The plant species Taraxacum rubicundum belongs to the section of calluses dandelions ( Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma ) in the genus Dandelion .

literature

Hugo Dahlstedt: Om skandinavaviska Taraxacum-former, In: Bot. Not. , Volume 3, 1905, pp. 145-172.

Reinhard Doll: The genus Taraxacum , Die Neue Brehm Bücherei, No. 473, 1974, 158 pages.

Steffen Hammel: Calluses dandelions (Taraxacum section Erythrosperma) in Baden-Württemberg - Finds 2017 and 2018. In: Jh. Ges. Naturkde. Württemberg , No. 175, Stuttgart, 2019.
Götz Heinrich Loos, Klaus Jung, Arno Wörz: Taraxacum Wiggers 1780, nom. conserv. S. 350-369, In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Pilippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The ferns and flowers of Baden-Württemberg , Volume 6, Stuttgart (Verlag Eugen Ulmer), 1996.
Ingo Uhlemann, Jan Kirschner, Jan Stepanek: Taraxacum. In: Rothmaler: Exkursionsflora von Deutschland - Vascular Plants, Critical Supplementary Volume. 11th edition, Berlin, Heidelberg (Springer Spectrum), 2016, pp. 133-184.

Individual evidence

↑ Thomas Gregor , Ralf Hand , Juraj Paule: Chromosome numbers of fern and flowering plants from Germany 10 , In: Kochia , Volume 10, 2017, pp. 45–53.

Detlev Metzing, Eckhard Garve, Günter Matze-Hajek: Red list and total species list of fern and flowering plants (Trachaeophyta) in Germany ". In: Red list of endangered animals, plants and fungi in Germany Volume 7: Plants, nature conservation and biological diversity 70 (7) , Pages 13-358.

Web links

Commons : Reddened Dandelion ( Taraxacum rubicundum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Günther Blaich: data sheet with photos.

[Gregor2017-1] Thomas Gregor , Ralf Hand , Juraj Paule: Chromosome numbers of fern and flowering plants from Germany 10 , In: Kochia , Volume 10, 2017, pp. 45–53.