Tissue skin relatives

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Tissue skin relatives
White bark mushroom (Athelia epiphylla)

White bark mushroom ( Athelia epiphylla )

Systematics
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Skin-like
Family : Tissue skin relatives
Scientific name of the  order
Atheliales
Jülich
Scientific name of the  family
Atheliaceae
Jülich

The tissue skin relatives (Atheliaceae) are the only fungus family of the order of the tissue skin-like (Atheliales) and belong to the class of the Agaricomycetes . The species that are widespread throughout the world live on the ground and usually only form inconspicuous fruiting bodies .

features

Macroscopic features

The tissue skin relatives form inconspicuous, little developed, mostly white to yellowish fruit bodies , which are covered by a thin, reticulate, sometimes crystalline subiculum. The fruit layer is pale, smooth to wrinkled or meruloid, so wrinkled and porous, it is rarely weakly porous.

Microscopic features

The hyphae system is monomitic , very rarely also dimitic . The hyphae may or may not have buckles . Cystids are absent or are, or if present, smooth or finely encrusted and thin-walled. The basidia are small, club-like, sometimes stalked with two or four sterigms . The spores are small, almost always hyaline , elliptical to cylindrical, boat-shaped, rarely warty or lobed. They are usually thin-walled and rarely stained with iodine. The minor fruit form are either sporodochial (pillow-shaped), hyphomycetes or Rhizoctonia -like and form long-lived sclerotia in the soil.

Way of life, ecology and distribution

Many species form an ectomycorrhiza and are often the dominant species in the mycorrhizal communities. Other species are phytopathogenic, mostly without a specific host. There are also known species that are associated with algae, that is, they form lichens , one species is even suspected to be associated with cyanobacteria . The majority of species live saprobically and contribute to the breakdown of plant material, some species are aquatic.

The tissue skin relatives are widespread in all climatic zones.

Systematics

The family of tissue skin relatives was established by Walter Jülich in 1981 , at the same time as the order of the Atheliales established by the im. However, he described a second family within the order, the Tylosporaceae. A phylogenetic study published in 2004 then established their synonymy to the Atheliaceae and thus the monophyly of the Atheliales. In 2007 the close relationship of the order with the Agaricales and Boletales was determined, which thereby form the subclass of the Agaricomycetidae .

The following genera belong to the family:

meaning

Some species that develop sclerotia are important plant pests, for example Athelia rolfsii or Athelia arachnoidea . They have a very broad host range and their sclerotia can survive in the soil for a very long time, so control is very difficult.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e Paul F. Cannon, Paul M. Kirk: Fungal families of the world . CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2007, ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5 , pp. 28 f . ( available online ).
  2. ↑ Jülich W (1981): Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes , accessed via Mycobank. Retrieved July 3, 2017 .
  3. ↑ Larsson KH, Larsson E, Kõljalg U: High phylogenetic diversity among corticioid homobasidiomycetes . In: Mycological Research . tape 108 , 2004, pp. 983-1002 , doi : 10.1017 / S0953756204000851 .
  4. ↑ David S. Hibbett, Manfred Binder, Joseph F. Bischoff, Meredith Blackwell, Paul F. Cannon, Ove E. Eriksson, Sabine Huhndorf, Timothy James, Paul M. Kirk, Robert Lücking, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, François Lutzoni, P Brandon Matheny, David J. McLaughlin, Martha J. Powell, Scott Redhead, Conrad L. Schoch, Joseph W. Spatafora, Joost A. Stalpers, Rytas Vilgalys, M. Catherine Aime, André Aptroot, Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow, Gerald L. Benny, Lisa A. Castlebury, Pedro W. Crous, Yu-Cheng Dai, Walter Gams, David M. Geiser, Gareth W. Griffith, Cécile Gueidan, David L. Hawksworth, Geir Hestmark, Kentaro Hosaka, Richard A. Humber , Kevin D. Hyde, Joseph E. Ironside, Urmas Kõljalg, Cletus P. Kurtzman, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Robert Lichtwardt, Joyce Longcore, Jolanta Miądlikowsk, Andrew Miller, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Sharon Mozley-Standridge, Franz Oberwinkler, Erast Parmasto, Valérie Reeb, Jack D. Rogers, Claude Roux, Leif Ryvarden, José Paulo Sampaio, Arthur Schüßler, Junta Sugiyama, R. Greg Thorn, Leif Tibell, Wendy A. Untereiner, Christopher Walker, Zheng Wang, Alex Weir, Michael Weiß, Merlin M. White, Katarina Wink, Yi-Jian Yao, Ning Zhang: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . In: Mycological Research . tape 111 (5) . British Mycological Society, 2007, p. 509-547 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004 .
  5. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th edition. CAB International, Wallingford, UK 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-827-5 , pp. 106 .

Web links

Commons : Tissue Skin Relatives ( Atheliaceae )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files