Giovinezza
Giovinezza ("Youth", actually Inno Trionfale del Partito Nazionale Fascista [PNF] - "Triumphant Anthem of the National Fascist Party") was the hymn of the Italian fascist movement and the fascist regime. From 1922 , the year of the “ March on Rome ”, it was to be sung following the actual national anthem of Italy of that time, the Marcia Reale .
History and meaning
The Giovinezza comes from an apolitical song from the student comedy Addio Giovinezza (Adieu, Jugend) written by Nino Oxilia in 1909 . In this version, the song was initially known under the title "Commiato". The melody came from Giuseppe Blanc . When Giuseppe Blanc took part in a training course for the Alpini Sciatori (the ski mountaineers of the Italian army) in Bardonecchia in 1910 , he intoned the song on the piano. The soldiers liked it so much that they adopted it as Inno degli Sciatori (skier's hymn) under their own text . The song was also used by the Italian troops fighting in Libya in 1911 , and during the First World War it reappeared under a different text with the Arditi , an elite division of the Italian army. Many men who later joined the fascist movement fought in this department. The "Giovinezza" came from the Arditi to the fascists. For the purposes of the PNF, the text was repositioned by Salvatore Gotta .
After 1943, in the short-lived republic of Salò, a modified version was used as the sole national anthem.
From the Oxilias version, the catchy refrain of Giovinezza came unchanged to the Gotta version:
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Instead of asprezza (hardness, abundance of privation), however, the similar-sounding ebbrezza (thrill, intoxication) was often sung. Another unofficial change to the refrain, as it is said to have been used by the fascist Arditi in particular , was as follows:
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The hymn, like the fascist movement in Italy itself, served as a model for other such hymns of ideologically similar movements and regimes. It was also translated into other languages, such as German (where the song was sung under the title “Hitler People”) and Spanish, in the form of the song of the “Voluntario del División Azul” (“Freiwilliger der Blauen Division” - the “ Blue Division ”sent Franco to the German Eastern Front in World War II).
The Horst Wessel song in the Third Reich and the song of the youth in Austria later borrowed from the custom since 1932 of singing the party anthem directly after the national anthem ; in addition, in French-speaking Spain after the Marcha Real , the party anthems of the Falange ( Cara al Sol ) and the Carlist ( Marcha de Oriamendi ) sung.
After the Cassibile armistice in September 1943, the Allies suppressed the song in Italy. At that time Italy did not have a national anthem. When Italy became a republic on October 12, 1946, first the Canzone del Piave , and the following year Il Canto degli Italiani provisionally became the national anthem (officially since November 17, 2005). The Giovinezza is currently banned in Italy.
Others
“In Italy they say that if the Reds had even had a song that was as good as the fascist anthem 'Giovinezza', Italy would have become Bolshevik forever. But nobody can fight and sacrifice their life to the sounds of the ' Internationals '. "
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from January 2, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Blom, Eric. Grove, George, and Stevens, Denis. 1955. Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians . St. Martin's Press. P. 22.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from September 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Andrew Porter, "Mario and the Magician - Opera." Financial Times , June 8, 1992. 13.
- ↑ Bertini, Tullio Bruno. 1998. Trapped in Tuscany Liberated by the Buffalo Soldiers . Branden Books. ISBN 0-937832-35-9 . P. 79.
