mulled wine
Mulled wine (in Switzerland also hot wine , warm wine or dialect Warm Wii , in Graubünden Weinwarm ) is an alcoholic hot drink that is traditionally drunk in Central Europe during Advent , often at Christmas markets . In addition, bottled mulled wine of various quality for private households is available in stores in the run-up to Christmas . Similar drinks are Glögg , Grog , Punsch and Feuerzangenbowle .
history
The forerunner of mulled wine is the Conditum Paradoxum from antiquity. In the Middle Ages, cold-drunk spicy wines were popular, such as Hypocras , which were probably similar to today's mulled wine in terms of spice ingredients and taste.
Probably the oldest traditional mulled wine recipe in Central Germany comes from August Josef Ludwig von Wackerbarth from December 11, 1843: per jug (just under one liter) four loths (one loth corresponds to just under 16 grams) of cinnamon, two lots of ginger, one lot of anise, one lot of pomegranate, a lot of nutmeg, a lot of cardamom and a grain of saffron (now around 60 milligrams), sweetened with sugar or honey.
In 1845, mulled wine was described as follows:
“You put ½ a bottle of good red wine with 2 or 3 cloves and some cinnamon covered on the fire, then you sweeten it to taste and let it boil for 2-3 minutes. It is served in glasses after it has been poured through a sieve beforehand. "
As a bottled, finished product, mulled wine has been available since the winter of 1956, when Rudolf Kunzmann first bottled wine with added sugar and spices in a small one-man winery in Augsburg- Pfersee and sold it as mulled wine. Since sugar was still forbidden as an ingredient at the time, the market office of the city of Augsburg imposed a fine for violating wine law . This notice of the fine is evidence of the first bottled mulled wine in Germany. The wine law was later changed and mulled wine legalized.
Nowadays, however, the Gerstacker Weinkellerei from Nuremberg is one of the largest producers of mulled wine with a share of more than 90% of the entire German mulled wine market and 98% of mulled wine sales in the German retail trade.
Manufacturing
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To make mulled wine, red or white wine is heated with various spices (usually cinnamon , cloves , lemon peel , star anise ) and sweetened to taste. In the preparation of mulled wine should be heated in no more than 80 ° C because the alcohol contained in mulled wine from 78 ° C evaporated , change the spices their flavor adversely and sugar degradation product hydroxymethylfurfural formed, which is suspected to be carcinogenic. The minimum alcohol content of mulled wine available in retail is set by law at 7 % vol .
Industrially produced mulled wine is often made from bulk wines of low quality and then heavily sweetened in order to conceal the lack of quality of the wine used. This mulled wine is often offered cheaply in large bottles or beverage cartons . Better qualities, based on full-bodied wines, are sold as mulled wine .
Different wines are used depending on the region . In Germany red wine is generally chosen, in northern Italy often white wine , in Austria both are used. A variety that is made with apple wine comes from Hesse and Lower Franconia . A mulled wine made from white wine, which is widespread in Franconia , is also produced in Nuremberg .
The brandy-containing variants with rum, brandy or liqueurs such as amaretto are, strictly speaking, not mulled wine, but punch :
“The product mulled wine is defined as a flavored drink, which is made exclusively from red wine or white wine and mainly seasoned with cinnamon and / or cloves. The minimum alcohol content of the drink is 7% (vol%). "
“Mulled wine is a flavored drink containing wine [...] The addition of water is prohibited. [...] The existing alcohol content of a mulled wine must be at least 7% vol and less than 14.5% vol. "
The “children's mulled wine” often offered at Christmas markets is not wine, but heated, flavored, and in some cases additionally sweetened fruit juice.
Mulled wine
The mulled wine from the vintner may only consist of the raw material wine and various spices and flavors. It must not be stretched with water or juices. Only natural sugars may be used to sweeten the mulled wine.
In order for a mulled wine to be called a winegrower's mulled wine, it must be obtained from the winemaker's grapes, which he harvested from his vineyards. In addition, the winemaker has to produce the mulled wine himself in his business.
Web links
- Gesundheit.de: Mulled wine and alcohol
- Mold- protected wine , radio section meal : About ingredients in wine and mulled wine
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Geiger, Richard Weiss : Atlas der Schweizerischen Volkskunde , 1st part, Basel 1951
- ↑ Focus Knowledge , Who actually invented mulled wine? (documented by the Saxon State Archives )
- ↑ Insight: You can even buy his mulled wine in New York . In: Augsburger Allgemeine .
- ↑ Dasing - The home of mulled wine . In: Süddeutsche.de .
- ↑ "Germany is the number one mulled wine nation" . In: FAZ Plus . ( faz.net [accessed December 4, 2017]).
- ↑ Friedhelm Schachtschneider: Mulled wine - a drink fights for its image. Welt Online , November 28, 2009, accessed December 14, 2010 .
- ↑ Mulled wine - secret in red? Press release from the State of Berlin dated December 2, 2009, 10:45 am, communications from the Senate.
- ↑ Leaflet on mulled wine . In: Press release of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate . December 2017. Accessed March 30, 2018.
- ↑ White mulled wine - the cult drink. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 30, 2017 ; accessed on September 30, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Wine Ordinance . §38 (1a).
