Henriette Davidis
Johanna Friederika Henriette Katharina Davidis (born March 1, 1801 in Wengern , † April 3, 1876 in Dortmund ) is an important German cookbook author . Although many similar cookbooks had already appeared at the time and, among other things, the general German cookbook for middle-class households was reprinted several times by Sophie Wilhelmine Scheibler , Davidis' Practical Cookbook developed into an important cookbookof the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which was part of the basic equipment of many German households. The many antiquarian copies still available today show that the book was used extensively and annotated. Many families passed the practical cookbook on from generation to generation.
However, the cookbook was only part of a comprehensive upbringing and educational program that Henriette Davidis designed for girls and women. From the doll cook to the young unmarried woman to the housewife with own responsibility for household and staff, Henriette Davidis' books offered themselves as textbooks and reference works. Behind this was probably the realization that the job of housewife was a demanding job in its own right, for which the young women of the newly emerging bourgeoisie were often insufficiently prepared.
While she was writing her books, Davidis herself worked as a home economics teacher, educator and governess , and later only worked as an author. Although her books, in particular the Practical Cookbook, which appeared in its 21st edition the year she died, were already very successful during her lifetime, she was only able to lead a modest life from the income and only began to live her own at the age of 74 Flat. Occasionally it is stated that "Henriette Davidis" is a pseudonym of a Helena Clemen, but in reality Helena Clemen was a reader who had sent suggestions to the author that were also used.
Today the Henriette Davidis Museum in Wetter-Wengern commemorates her with exhibitions on cookbooks and a series of publications. The German Cookbook Museum in the Westfalenpark in Dortmund also dedicates a large part of its exhibition to her. Parts of a stone hearth from the rectory in Wengern were walled up with a memorial plaque in the abutment of the railway bridge of the Elbschetalbahn near Wengern, which was completed in 1934 , where they can still be seen today. The rectory had to give way to the construction of the bridge.
Life
Youth and education
Henriette Davidis was born in 1801 in Wengern an der Ruhr , Westphalia , today a district of Wetter , as the tenth of thirteen children of the pastor Ernst Heinrich Davidis and his Dutch wife Maria Katharina Litthauer. Ernst Heinrich Davidis was ordained in Amsterdam in 1780, had worked as a garrison preacher in the Dutch city of Breda for nine years and then took up a position as an assistant preacher in Wengern. In 1792 he took over the pastor's position.
After confirmation, Henriette left her parents' house in 1816 and moved to Schwelm with her younger sister Elisabeth , who was married there to the lord of the Martfeld house . Henriette Davidis attended secondary school for two years in Schwelm. She returned to her parents' home in 1818. There, too, she was a student at a private secondary school for girls. She later moved to Bommern to live with her sister Albertine to help in her country estate and with the upbringing of their four children. When her father died in 1828, she returned to Wengern and looked after her mother until she died in 1838. She then accompanied a sick lady to Switzerland before moving to Windheim around 1840 .
From 1841 to 1848 Henriette Davidis worked in Haus Heine as an educator at a girls' work school in Sprockhövel . During this time, her Practical Cookbook was published in 1845 . Reliable and self-checked recipes from the common and finer cuisine, in 1847 and 1848 the arrangements for small and larger parties and the practical instructions for the preparation of the horse meat followed, which were later included as an appendix in the practical cookbook . Davidis carried out extensive research for the practical cookbook and compiled recipes over a long period of time.
Work as a teacher and writer
After her time in Sprockhövel, Henriette Davidis worked in Bremen as an educator and governess . In 1855 she moved back to Bommern to live with her sister Albertine, where she stayed until 1857. During this time, possibly spurred on by the success of the cookbook, she must have decided, in addition to the pure cookbook, to write more comprehensive home economics and educational writings for young girls and women. In 1850 The Vegetable Garden appeared as Part I of a planned Complete Household Book; in the same year she also wrote an unpublished book on nursing; Doll cook Anna followed in 1856 , Die Jungfrau in 1857 and Anna doll mother in 1858 . The planned multi-volume housekeeping book did not materialize, however. After a volume of poems and novels, Die Hausfrau appeared in 1861 . Practical instructions for the independent and economical management of the household, which formed the conclusion of the educational program for the budding housewife.
In May 1857 she moved to Dortmund, where she lived until her death, initially sublet and later in her own apartment. At least now she could probably make a living from her publications. In addition to working on Virgo and Housewife , she revised her earlier works, which were already selling well, for new editions. From the 1860s onwards, Henriette Davidis, who is now regarded as a recognized authority on household issues, also wrote regularly for magazines such as Daheim , a magazine based on the garden arbor model , which was aimed at a bourgeois audience and appeared from 1865 to 1944. During this time she also published two other smaller papers: Dietetics for Housewives. The health and nursing care in the house ... and power kitchen from Liebig's meat extract for higher and poorer conditions. The latter was an advertising leaflet written on behalf of the Liebig company, which cleverly combined the presentation of the advantages of the newly developed Liebig meat extract with the “seal of quality” from the specialist Davidis.
Henriette Davidis remained unmarried (two fiancés each died before they got married) and did not live the life of the self-indulgent, devoted housewife that she propagated in her books. As a working woman and successful author, she apparently put herself at odds with her work. The reasons for this can no longer be determined today, however, also because the manuscript of the author's memories from my life and work, which was created in the summer of 1874, remained unprinted and has disappeared. Henriette Davidis died on April 3, 1876 in Dortmund. Her grave is in Dortmund's Ostenfriedhof .
Disputes with the publishers
As the author of the practical cookbook , Henriette Davidis was initially not in a strong negotiating position with the Velhagen & Klasing publishing house , which published her first work. Like most authors, her first and foremost concern was to get the book published in the first place. Presumably, she was neither informed about the emerging copyright law nor about current fees and, as a woman, was not taken too seriously by the publishers as a contractual partner, because she transferred the cookbook to the publisher for a fee of 450 thalers as property, without any more Reserve rights to the text. Later she accused the publishers: "Complete ignorance of such things as I was at the time, could only enter into a contract like ours (...)," because she was not involved in the sales success of the book and was also given for the revisions only comparatively low fees (50 thalers for the 2nd edition, later 100, after the 5th edition 200 thalers). As early as 1856, however, she was so experienced that she had the doll's cookbook published by Grote in Dortmund because the fee offered by Velhagen & Klasing was too low for her.
During the revision of the 12th edition of the practical cookbook, for which she was to receive only 200 thalers again, a dispute arose with the publisher in 1867: “Rent, taxes, frugal living, clothing and other expenses; I could never spare it (…) while you, gentlemen, enjoy the ripe fruits of my efforts. ”The publisher finally responded to the self-confident complaint by increasing the fee to 300 thalers. This was followed by further revisions, expansions and discussions about the content and layout of the book, until Henriette Davidis was finally able to thank the publishers in July 1875 for 1000 thalers received after the significantly expanded 20th edition.
Importance as an author
Henriette Davidis' works can be classified under women's literature , as they dominated a large part of the book market in the second half of the 19th century in the form of etiquette books and guides, but also lyric anthologies, quotations and entire libraries of classics specially prepared for women. These housekeeping books and women’s breviary, often written by women for women, had the effect “in addition to their original advisory and consolation function ... maintaining norms and systems”. Even if her own life path of a working woman can be regarded as rather untypical and she certainly knew how to assert herself, as the received correspondence with her publishers shows, Henriette Davidis moved with her works within a given framework of social conventions and bourgeois norms. Your readers should not step out of this framework either, but rather should be empowered to prove themselves within their family environment. The emphasis on this life's work of the housewife, for example in the foreword to the Practical Cookbook , indicates at the same time that this was not (no longer) the only conceivable way of life of a woman and that, with the emergence of industrialization, a woman's occupation had become more possible . The job of housewife is accordingly emphasized as work on a par with that of the man.
In response to the strengthening of the bourgeoisie in the 19th century, cookbook literature had also changed: the bourgeois kitchen became a term, general schooling and falling printing costs gave broad circles access to this type of literature. At the same time, the bourgeois nuclear family developed, with the housewife at the center of their home, who used the cookbook as an educational and textbook. While cookbooks were previously aimed more at professional chefs, they now offer systematic access to the basics of cooking and housekeeping, which was also deliberately aimed at beginners. The Practical Cookbook developed against this background, a popular wedding gift.
Henriette Davidis was still regarded as an authority on household issues during her lifetime. In the 1860s and 1870s, their expertise, especially for progressive innovations, was in demand for advertising media. She spoke out in favor of devices and products such as the gelling agent " Agar Agar " or Liebig's meat extract , the manufacturers printed the expertise together with her portrait on the packaging of the products. In her books, too, she casually mentions certain products, manufacturers and brands. Unfortunately, it can no longer be determined whether these honorable mentions and expertises received a consideration from the companies advertised.
For the 25th anniversary of the practical cookbook , “meaningful and humorous congratulations, beautiful works, fine wines and flowers” were received by the author, who now spent several hours every day answering questions from readers.
All works have been revised, expanded and reissued many times, some of them also translated. The Practical Cookbook and The Housewife were also specially edited for Germans in the USA and appeared from 1879 in Milwaukee in German, but with American dimensions and partially adapted ingredients, doll cook Anna and The Housewife appeared in Dutch in Amsterdam.
Works
Practical cookbook
Henriette Davidis' main work was published in 1845 with the title: Practical Cookbook. Reliable and self-checked recipes from the common and finer cuisine. Practical instruction for the preparation of various types of food, cold and warm drinks, jellies, frozen foods, baked goods, as well as for canning and drying fruits, with special consideration of beginners and budding housewives in an edition of 1000 copies. As early as the sixth edition, 10,000 copies were printed, later editions comprised up to 40,000 copies.
Henriette Davidis herself, when her publishers asked for an advertising copy, wrote about the cookbook in 1856:
"First of all, our book only contains reliable regulations, mostly self-checked, but it is not just the good recipes, (...), it is at the same time the clarity and consideration that was taken in the processing of the very inexperienced, so that The book could serve as a guide, as it were. That succeeded. As I generally hear, children can cook afterwards, rather completely inexperienced young women. The good guessing increases the desire and soon forms good cooks. "
The cookbook contains an extensive collection of recipes that Henriette Davidis not only put together, but, as she emphasized in the foreword, also tried out and modified it herself:
“Have the number of cookbooks increased again?” Someone will ask who sees this book's advertisement. There are certainly plenty of them, and some of whom I know are by no means lacking in versatility; Nevertheless, many practical housewives and cooks will have convinced themselves that many of them have only been dealt with theoretically and that the recipes contained therein cannot always be used with certainty, as they are often based on ignorance, often based on good faith, often only from valuable, There are strange parts which are not suitable for every kitchen and which can only succeed in the hand of an experienced cook, but cannot at the same time serve beginners as instructions for preparation. I am far from wanting to promote this book as a work of my own; but I can say that, with the exception of a few receipts, everything has gradually been tried, improved and put together by myself and that I have only accepted those whose accuracy I am convinced of (...). "
This foreword is followed by a brief introduction in which Henriette Davidis formulates four basic requirements for housewives: cleanliness, thrift, mindfulness and deliberation. The table of contents comprises parts A – V: General preparation rules; Soups ; Fish ; Vegetables ; Puddings ; Casseroles ; Eggs , dairy and farinaceous dishes ; Pies ; Meat dishes of all kinds; Jellies and frozen foods ; Dumplings ; Crêmes ; Compotes ; Salads ; Sauces ; Baked goods ; Of canning and drying some fruits and vegetables; From canning and drying some vegetables; Drinks and liqueurs; Making sausage , pickling and smoking meat; Vinegar .
General notes on cooking, cookware or certain foods are very brief and limited to the bare essentials. The individual chapters are partly further subdivided, e.g. B. according to the different types of meat. Each chapter begins with basic rules for preparing the respective food. The recipes are numbered within the chapters, but the order seems to have been chosen at random. Quantities, cooking times or temperature information are missing, as was customary in German cookbooks until the end of the 19th century. At the end of each recipe, however, it is indicated in which dishes the dish should be served, which also gives an approximate amount.
| An example from Chapter D. Vegetables:
"1. Rules for Cooking Vegetables "41. Stuffed cucumbers |
A detailed appendix is attached to later editions, containing suggestions for hospitality for guests and seasonal menu suggestions . These were originally published as a stand-alone publication (arrangements for small and large groups, for breakfast, lunch and dinner, coffees and teas and a kitchen list arranged according to the seasons) and were later integrated into the practical cookbook.
The book developed into the standard work of its genre and achieved a popularity that went beyond Germany - this was shown in 1879 when a special edition for Germans abroad was published in Milwaukee , USA. The editors emphasize in the foreword that they "followed Henriette Davidis' best generally recognized cookbook."
After her death, the practical cookbook was initially continued by Luise Rosendorf (1821–1890) and from the 32nd edition in 1892 by Luise Holle . Luise Holle revised the cookbook extensively. In addition to technical innovations, she mainly added “fine cuisine” and “sick foods” as well as a chapter “About the utilization of leftovers”. The preparation of the dishes, suggestions for menus and a chapter on the “art of doing business” increasingly turned the originally pure cookbook into a housekeeping book. The book is now also preceded by an alphabetical register. The Practical Cookbook was still published in a revised form in the 1990s; before the property rights expired in 1906 there were also numerous copies, even quite obvious plagiarism (e.g. the new and tried-and-tested illustrated cookbook for all levels of a certain number as early as the 1880s H. Davithis ).
"The vegetable garden"
The vegetable garden was published in 1850 as Volume I of a planned complete housekeeping book with the subtitle Practical Instructions to get a vegetable garden with consideration of the beauty and the abundant yield; as well as what is necessary about the location, soil, fencing, equipment, fertilizer, garden tools, culture of the plants and fruiting shrubs, seed cultivation, duration of germination, the required quantity of seeds and how to change the content most appropriately with the vegetables of the book already comprehensively describes. An appendix also dealt with pest extermination and the preservation of vegetables. From the fifth edition in 1863, the book appears under the new title The kitchen and flower garden for housewives. At this point in time, in the meantime the Virgin, Housewife and the two doll books had been published, Henriette Davidis seems to have finally given up on the plans for the multi-volume housekeeping book. The new edition had been expanded by three chapters, which were particularly devoted to growing vegetables for sale, another edition in 1866 also contained a chapter on medicinal herbs and their uses. The book appeared in numerous editions, was later revised by other authors and is therefore likely to have found widespread use. The court gardener Julius Hartwig in Weimar was responsible for the 14th to 17th edition .
"Doll cook Anna"
As a kind of offshoot of the successful practical cookbook , a cookbook for children was published in 1856: Anna, the doll cook. A practical cookbook for dear little girls. The cookbook is aimed directly at girls to whom the doll mother Anna, the ideal of an obedient and sensible child, and her mother explain how they can prepare small dishes or " doll meals" themselves on the doll stove or with flowers and grass. The book was a hit with the public and was reprinted again and again in nine editions until 1898. Formally, the doll's cookbook is obviously based on the practical cookbook . The virtues of the exemplary doll mother Anna indicate what behavior was expected of little girls at the time; on the other hand, it also shows what little girls obviously plagued their mothers with at the time.
The recipe section is preceded by a comparatively long introduction:
“This doll's cookbook is intended for small, hearty girls who like to learn to read, write and knit and are very obedient; and let us hope that there are many to whom the dear Christ child or mother could bring it to their birthday. [...] But whoever receives this cookbook must follow what the doll cook Anna teaches. Listen carefully to how she did it. She never bothered her mother to give her all kinds of treats to cook with, no, she accepted what was given to her in a friendly and grateful manner. If she lacked the particular parts which belong to the dish she wished to make, she immediately chose another without making an unfriendly or even tearful face. [...] "
The little book in octave format is divided into two “sections”. The first contains “dishes that are made on the doll's stove” and “dishes to be prepared without a stove”, the second section is devoted to “flower kitchen or dishes for the dolls”. As in the Practical Cookbook, there are also chapters for soups, then for vegetables and potatoes, rice dishes, etc. The individual recipes are simply numbered within the chapters, as in the example. Most of the recipes are desserts that are mainly made from milk, semolina, rice, eggs and apples, i.e. are based on a limited selection of ingredients. Most of the recipes are actually simple and do not require any complicated work steps. The vegetable recipes also contain detailed instructions for cleaning and preparing the vegetables. In contrast to the practical cookbook , the ingredients are listed here at the beginning of each dish. The "flower kitchen" is based on common garden plants and grasses, which at that time should have been easy for every child to obtain. Contrary to what the pedagogical impetus of the rest of the book suggests, this is about creative, comparatively "senseless" play - an unusual and downright reformist approach in this form.
| Example from the first section, I. Food that is made on the doll's stove, chapter soups: "10. Example from the second section, flower kitchen or food for the dolls: |
Other doll cookbooks appeared in the 19th century by Christine Charlotte Riedl (1854 Die kleine Köchin ) and Julie Bimbach (1854 Cookbook for the doll kitchen or first instructions for cooking for girls from eight to fourteen years of age ). The success of the little book by Julie Bimbach, which already had four editions in the year of publication, motivated Henriette Davidis in the autumn of 1855 to urge her publisher to finally publish a doll's cookbook that had been planned for a long time. When the publisher of the Practical Cookbook, Velhagen & Klasing in Bielefeld, hesitated and also refused to accept Henriette Davidis' fee claims, she quickly changed the publisher so that Anna, the doll cook, appeared at Grote in Dortmund. The doll's cookbook was later supplemented by doll's mother Anna , a storybook that sought to awaken a sense of “domesticity and economy” in little girls and addressed questions of housekeeping. Although both works sound pedagogical and indoctrinating in a Biedermeier way today , at that time, and probably also from Henriette Davidis' point of view, it was a novel, not necessarily self-evident contribution to the playful education of girls.
"The Virgin's Profession"
The Virgin appeared in 1857 . Words of the council to prepare for their profession (from the 2nd edition under the changed title The profession of the virgin. A gift for daughters of educated classes ). The title, which is aimed at virgins, i.e. unmarried women, already makes it clear that Henriette Davidis saw housewife as a profession that required preparation and training. With this book she wanted, as she writes in the foreword, “to show the virgin ways and means to prepare her for her future occupation in a practical way.” But not only that: “also the higher duties of life, the moral and religious side of her effectiveness has been thought. ”Similar to religious edification literature, the book should serve young women not only for instruction, but also as a comforting companion and reference work.
A letter from Henriette Davidis to her publisher shows that it should not only be about practical issues, in which she writes: “... I am hereby giving you the manuscript on the Virgin. To combine the little work with the housekeeping book in accordance with her proposal would not be feasible in this way. This is not just my opinion, several insightful women agree that the housekeeping book should be kept as material as possible. "
This and similar books show how isolated, helpless and overwhelmed young women often must have been, especially at the beginning of a marriage. Because of the strict separation of responsibilities within a marriage, the husbands are not likely to have been of great help in household matters either; on the contrary, this type of literature contains a lot of advice on how to compensate for the husbands' unsuccessfulness through frugality and creativity in housekeeping. Remuneration and remuneration consist in the satisfaction of the husband and in the fulfillment of social expectations of the housewife. So Henriette Davidis also states that “only a few and least of all the female part [is] granted to shape life according to choice and inclination and to live the higher spiritual interests. The female profession in particular [...] in most cases demands so much hand and understanding that only a few leisure hours allow one to step outside the circle of professional life. ”Based on her own professional experience, in which she is clearly an obligation and inclination, Henriette Davidis must have known exactly what she was talking about at this point.
"The housewife"
The housekeeping book, which Davidis had already mentioned when the manuscript of Der Beruf der Jungfrau was delivered, was self-published in 1861 together with his publisher friend Artur Seemann under the title Die Hausfrau. Practical instructions for independent and economical management of the household, a gift for young women to promote domestic prosperity and family happiness. The book was a comprehensive household guide and completed the educational program for housewives. From today's perspective, it enables excellent insights into the bourgeois living and social culture of the 19th century, because Henriette Davidis not only describes in detail how z. B. a house is to be set up, but also in detail justified for what purpose a particular facility is used and what effect is to be achieved with it. In addition to furnishing questions and the activities in the house, the author also devotes herself to the relationship between housewives and servants. Here she urges the housewife to take responsibility as an employer to accommodate and provide for the staff appropriately. The largest part of the work, however, takes up instructions for the processing of food.
After Davidis' death, her nieces Theodore Trainer and Emma Heine continued the book. From 1882 onwards, the nieces also published an abbreviated version under the title Small Cookbook for the Bourgeois and Rural Household , which was published six times.
expenditure
All bibliographical information is quoted from Methler, Methler: Biographie, Bibliographie, Briefe, pp. 23–91.
First editions
- Reliable and self-checked recipes from the common and finer cuisine. (...). Rackhorst, Osnabrück 1845. (From the 3rd edition then under the better-known title Practical Cookbook for the Ordinary and Finer Kitchen. (…) 4th Edition (1849) as ( digitized and full text in the German Text Archive ); 62 editions of the original publisher to 1942 including richly furnished editions in decoratively designed cases. After the copyrights have expired, countless adaptations and reprints.)
- Arrangements for small and large groups, for breakfast, lunch and dinner, coffees and teas and a kitchen list arranged according to the seasons. Velhagen & Klasing, Bielefeld 1847. ( Integrated into the practical cookbook from its 3rd edition )
- Practical instructions for preparing the horse meat . Julius Bädeker , Iserlohn 1848.
- Poems. Julius Bädeker, Iserlohn 1848. (2nd edition 1848)
- Complete housekeeping book. The vegetable garden (...). Julius Bädeker, Elberfeld, 1850. (from the 5th edition (1863) under the title The Kitchen Garden for Housewives. Practical instructions for the most advantageous possible cultivation of the known plants for the kitchen and cellar, arranged according to the months. Associated with instructions on culture of the flower garden, founded on the experience of many years of practical gardening enthusiasts, 23 editions by 1919.) Digital copy of the ULB Münster
- Doll cook Anna . Grote, Dortmund 1856. (9 editions until 1898.)
- The Virgin. Words of the council in preparation for their profession. A gift for daughters when they enter life. 1857. (From the 2nd edition Der Beruf der Jungfrau. A gift for daughters of educated classes. 17 editions until 1922.)
- Doll mother Anna or how Anna is busy and leads her doll household. Along with stories for little boys and girls. Joedicke, Dortmund 1858. (4 editions until 1890)
- Images of nature and life. Small contributions to the formation of the female mind. A. Bagel, Wesel 1860.
- The housewife. Practical instructions for independent and economical management of the household. (...) . Seemann / Davidis, Essen / Dortmund 1861. (18 editions until 1907) 5th edition, 1870
- Power kitchen from Liebig's meat extract for higher and poor conditions tested and written by Henriette Davidis. Friedrich Vieweg, Braunschweig 1870. (6 editions until 1880)
- Advertising cookbook of the Liebig-Werke : Liebig Company's meat extract in the middle-class kitchen. A collection of tried and tested simple receipts from the editor of Henriette Davidis' cookbook with an appendix of receipts for sick food using the meat peptone from the Liebig company. Dedicated to your customers by Liebig's Fleisch-Extract-Compagnie. Self-published, O. O., o. J.
Edits
The publishers Velhagen and Klasing had the practical cookbook continuously updated and revised after Henriette Davidis' death. The 25th to 31st edition (1882–1891) was compiled by Luise Rosendorf (1821–1890), who herself published a cookbook in 1874 under the name Henriette Sander. The 32nd to 62nd edition (1892–1942) is by Luise Holle (1864–1936). She is the best known of the later editors and was also listed as a co-author in the book title from the 38th edition. She added to and renewed the cookbook considerably and later also published her own cookery and housekeeping books. From 1933 to 1951, a smaller cookbook was published by Velhagen & Klasing under the title The new cookbook for German cuisine , which Ida Schulze (1878-1970) had developed on the basis of the practical cookbook . This “little” cookbook was also a sales success parallel to the version by Luise Holle.
After the protection period for the original work had expired in 1906, numerous excerpts, reprints, revisions and new versions were also published by other publishers. Among the best known are those by Erna Horn , Elsa Bier, Gertrude Wiemann and Rudolf Zäch. Even dolls cook Anna and The vegetable garden were reprinted for decades to come in new versions. English, Danish and Dutch editions were also published. Especially for Germans in the USA, there was even a German-language edition tailored to American dimensions and circumstances.
Facsimile editions and reprints of the first editions
- Practical cookbook for the common and fine kitchen. Reprint of the first edition: Walter Methler (Ed.): Publications of the Henriette Davidis Museum. Wetter (Ruhr) 1994, ISBN 3-9810130-8-5 .
- Doll cook Anna. A practical cookbook for dear little girls. 2nd increased edition. W. Joedicke, Dortmund 1858. Reprint Eckehard Methler (Ed.), Ev. Parish of Volmarstein-Oberwengern, Wetter (Ruhr) 1999 (publications by the Henriette Davidis Museum; 7).
reception
From its publication until 1951 , the Practical Cookbook has been continuously revised for use and reissued over and over again. From the 1960s there was a return to the original; The editions that will appear from now on were also adaptations for use in modern kitchens (e.g. by Erna Horn or Roland Gööck ), but were expressly based on the first edition. They were also reissued and revised again and again until the 1990s. In 1977 the first unaltered reprint of an old edition from 1898, edited by Luise Holle, appeared, in 1994 another unaltered reprint of the 1845 edition appeared. In the 1990s, the first publications dealing with the person and role of Henriette Davidis appeared, mostly in a series of publications from the Henriette Davidis Museum in Wengern. In 2002, Anna, the doll's cook, was published there as a reprint and a modern version of the doll's cookbook for young people. A reprint of the American edition of the Practical Cookbook from 1904 was published in the USA in 2002. Measured by the number of copies of the Practical Cookbook that have been sold in over 160 years, Henriette Davidis finds research into everyday culture and women's biographies in the 19th century hardly any attention, however.
However, memorial sites in and around Wengern and the Henriette Davidis Museum ensure that Henriette Davidis is at least firmly anchored in the local consciousness of her home region. In 2006 the Henriette Davidis Museum published a series of translations (in English, Norwegian, Polish and Serbo-Croatian) of the children's cookbook Puppenkochen Anna .
literature
- Franz Brümmer: Davidis, Henriette . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 47, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1903, p. 626 f.
- Gisela Framke, Gisela Marenk, Willi Otremba, Magdalene Krumbeck, MKK Dortmund (ed.): Profession of the virgin . Henriette Davidis and the bourgeois understanding of women in the 19th century [exhibition catalog]. Graphium Press, Oberhausen 1988, ISBN 3-9800259-9-3 .
- Karl Heinz Götze : Take 20 eggs and stay a virgin. In: Charlotte von Saurna: Ruhr area. Merian [No. 46,10], Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1993, ISBN 3-455-29310-7 / ISSN 0026-0029 , pp. 134-135.
- Ulrike van Jüchems: "Take ...". Henriette Davidis. Pastor's daughter from Wengern writes culinary classics. In: Westfalenspiegel , No. 52. Ardey, Münster 2003, ISSN 0508-5942 , p. 25.
- Anke Killing: Henriette Davidis and her time. In: Westfalen im Bild , series: Personalities from Westphalia , Issue 13, Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe / Landesbildstelle Westfalen, Münster 1998.
- Roswitha Kirsch-Stracke: The forgotten garden book of the Westphalian writer Henriette Davidis (1801–1876) . In: Die Gartenkunst 12 (2/2000), pp. 187–197.
- Eckehard Methler, Walter Methler: Henriette Davidis . Biography, bibliography, letters. In: Publications of the Henriette Davidis Museum Volume 10, Evangelical Church Community Volmarstein, Wetter (Ruhr) 2001, ISBN 3-933945-10-0 (most comprehensive published biographical source, comprehensive bibliography).
- Eckehard Methler, Walter Methler: From Henriette Davidis to Erna Horn. [Bibliography and collection catalog of household literature; with comments on the question of women]. In: Publications of the Henriette Davidis Museum . Volume 9. Evangelical Church Community Volmarstein-Oberwengern, Wetter (Ruhr) 2001, ISBN 3-933945-09-7 / ISBN 3-9810130-4-2 (HDM-Verlag), exhaustive bibliography including journal articles and all edits.
- Georg Ruppelt : Henriette Davidis and her famous cookbook. Reprint from: From the second-hand bookshop . Munich 1987.
- Claudia Suppmann: A classic cookbook through the ages (1845–1998) . Master's thesis Munich, 2000 (unpublished).
- Willy Timm: Henriette Davidis . In: Westfälische Lebensbilder Volume XII. Münster 1978, p. 88f. Detailed biographical information.
- Henriette Davidi's reading book . (PDF; 881 kB) Compiled and afterword by Dieter Treek, Nyland Foundation (ed.), Nylands Kleine Westfälische Bibliothek vol. 26, Bielefeld, Aisthesis Verlag 2011
Web links
- Literature by and about Henriette Davidis in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature by and about Henriette Davidis in the bibliographic database WorldCat
- Works by and about Henriette Davidis in the German Digital Library
- Works by Henriette Davidis in the Gutenberg-DE project
- Henriette Davidis in the Lexicon of Westphalian Authors
- Henriette Davidis Museum
- The work of Henriette Davidis in Sprockhövel
- Online biography of Henriette Davidis
Individual references and comments
- ↑ a b Karin Hockamp: The life of the happy wife and housewife is a constant self-denial. (PDF; 155 kB) Henriette Davidis and women's life in the 19th century. Sprockhövel city archive, June 2006, accessed on December 29, 2012 .
- ↑ The year of birth 1800 stated on the tombstone is incorrect, Methler, Methler: Biographie… p. 22.
- ↑ In 1886 it was entered in the entry roll no. 68 of the City Council of Leipzig that Helena Clemen was the author of the 23rd and 24th posthumous edition of the Practical Cookbook, which she published under the pseudonym Henriette Davidis. In fact, these editions were prepared by Borchling and Otterbruch. See Methler, Methler: Biographie… p. 31.
- ↑ Harald Vogelsang: The Bw Bochum-Dahlhausen and the railway in the middle Ruhr valley. Eisenbahn-Kurier-Verlag, ISBN 3-88255-430-4 , p. 132. Walter Petersen: Before great contemporaries. Verlag Karl Siegismund, Berlin 1937, p. 14.
- ↑ (Sic!) Quoted from Methler, Methler: Biographie ... p. 14.
- ↑ Quotation from Methler, Methler: Biographie… p. 16.
- ↑ Quotation from Methler, Methler: Biographie… S. 14ff.
- ↑ Gisela Framke: The profession of the virgin. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 16.
- ↑ Gisela Framke: The profession of the virgin. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 13 ff.
- ↑ Sabine Verk: A matter of taste. Cookbooks from the Folklore Museum . Berlin 1995, p. 14 .
- ↑ Hanna Dose: The history of the cookbook. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 51 ff., 68.
- ↑ Gisela Framke: The profession of the virgin. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 17 ff.
- ↑ Quotation from Methler, Methler: Biographie… p. 16.
- ↑ Henriette Davidis to Velhagen and Klasing on July 30, 1856, quoted from Methler, Methler: Biographie… p. 97.
- ↑ Practical Cookbook, Foreword
- ↑ Practical cookbook. P. 62.
- ↑ Practical cookbook. P. 75.
- ↑ Quotation from Framke: The profession of the virgin. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 23.
- ↑ Framke: The profession of the virgin. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 17.
- ↑ Lutum: The kitchen and flower garden by Henriette Davidis. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 155 ff.
- ↑ Anna, the doll cook
- ↑ Anna, the doll cook. P. 13.
- ↑ Anna, the doll cook. P. 72.
- ↑ Anna, the doll cook. Afterword by the editor, n.p.
- ↑ Quotation from Framke: The profession of the virgin. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 14.
- ↑ Henriette Davidis to Velhagen and Klasing on October 16, 1856, quoted from Methler, Methler: Biographie… p. 99.
- ↑ Quotation from Framke: The profession of the virgin. In: The profession of the virgin. P. 12.
- ↑ An exception is the (unpublished) master's thesis by Claudia Suppmann, Munich, 2000.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Davidis, Henriette |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Clemen, Helena |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German cookbook author, cook |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 1, 1801 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Wengern |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 3, 1876 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Dortmund |