Glaphyridae
| Glaphyridae | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A species of the Glaphyridae from Israel |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Glaphyridae | ||||||||||||
| Macleay , 1819 |
Glaphyridae is a family of beetles within the superfamily Scarabaeoidea .
features
Beetle
The beetles have a body length of 6.0 to 20.0 millimeters. Their densely haired bodies are elongated and often vividly colored, resembling bees. The basic color is brick red to black and often with a metallic sheen and white, red, yellow or orange hair ties. The antennae are nine or ten-membered, in the genus Glaphyrus they are possibly also eleven-membered. They have a tripartite club at the top. The compound eyes are partially or completely divided. The epipharynx is simple and has a sclerotized process ( torma ) median . The mandibles are sclerotized and have a brush on the mola and mesial . The maxillary palps are four- or five-limbed, the labial palps are four-limbed. The tentorium has a median bridge and a simple opening. The front arms are extended to the front and unite there. The spiracles on the mesothorax are slightly modified. An empodium is available. On the wings, the wing vein 1Ax is strongly ventradically curved at the distal arched tip of its end . The anteromedian to posteromedian area of the 2Ax vein is slightly enlarged above the dorso-distal ridge. The anterior region of the dorso-proximal ridge is very much widened above the dorso-distal ridge. The tip of the dorsodistal ridge is very broad along its entire length, elongated in front, and curves slightly proximally from the dorso-distal base of the arch. The wing base with the BR indentation of 1BP is of normal size, but is clearly deltoid shaped. The tracheal openings of the abdomen are designed differently, but all are functional. They are located in the Glaphyrinae from the first to sixth or first to seventh segment in the pleural membranes and on the other segments on the tergites. In the Lichninae they are located on the first to seventh segment in the pleural membranes (genus Lichnia ), or on the first to sixth segment in the pleural membranes and on the seventh segment on the tergite (genus Cratoscelis ). The male genitalia consist of a triple lobe and have an unusually well sclerotized, curved base that is large in relation to the paramers. The females have six ovarioles per ovary.
The autapomorphies of the adults are the construction of the Intersegmentalia of the mesothorax, the features of the wing veining described above, including the feature that all wing margins are more straight rather than rounded deltoid-shaped, as in related families, and that the medial part of the BMP of the 2BP is clearly different from the remaining part of the BMP is distinguished as a tubular structure.
Larvae
The body of the larva is curved in a broad C. He is covered with numerous hairs. The thoracic segments and the first six abdomen segments each have three folds. In the genus Glaphyrus a pair of ocelli is formed. The frontoclypeal suture is complete. The antennae are four-limbed, whereby the limbs are strongly reduced in some species. There is not a large sensory mark on the last antenna segment. The Galea and Lacinia are clearly separated from each other. The sound-producing organs are absent on the legs and the hind legs are not shortened. The claws each have four bristle hairs.
The autapomorphies of the larvae are the very hairy body, including all body appendages, the almost rectangular head capsule with almost parallel side edges, the last antennae, which is about ten times shorter than the penultimate, the penultimate antennae, which has numerous pores, the basal member of the labial palpate , which is characteristically curved inwards, the four bristle hairs on the claws and the claws, which are significantly enlarged and reach 80 to 120% of the length of the splint ( tibia ).
distribution
The family is holarctic and neotropical , with the subfamily Lichninae in western South America and the Glaphyrinae in the Palearctic and Nearctic . Most species inhabit sandy habitats.
Way of life
The adults are diurnal and can fly very well. They can often be found flying around flowers or plants. The larvae live off the ground on sandy banks of water and feed on detritus .
Taxonomy and systematics
The family comprises two subfamilies with eight genera and about 80 species. The group was placed in its own superfamily by Machatschke (1959), which, however, is not correct according to today's view. The relationship of the family within the Scarabaeoidea was controversial. Today it is believed that the family has a sister relationship with the group, which includes the earth beetles (Trogidae) and Bolboceratidae .
- Subfamily Lichninae (western South America)
- Subfamily Glaphyrinae ( Holarctic )
- Amphicoma ( Palearctic )
- Eulasia
- Glaphyrus (Palearctic)
- Anthypna (Palearctic)
- Toxocerus (Palearctic)
- Lichnanthe (Syn. Dasydera ) ( Nearktis )
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Rolf G. Beutel, Richard AB Leschen: Handbuch der Zoologie - Coleoptera, Beetles, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) . 1st edition. de Gruyter , 2005, ISBN 3-11-017130-9 , p. 385 f . (English).
literature
- Rolf G. Beutel, Richard AB Leschen: Handbuch der Zoologie - Coleoptera, Beetles, Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) . 1st edition. de Gruyter , 2005, ISBN 3-11-017130-9 (English).
