Gloeocystidiopsis
| Gloeocystidiopsis | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gloeocystidiopsis | ||||||||||||
| Jülich |
Gloeocystidiopsis is a genus of fungus within the family of layer fungus relatives (Stereaceae). The systematic classification in this family is not without controversy. Some mycologists place the genus in the family of cystid bark fungus relatives (Peniophoraceae). The species have resupinate fruiting body with a smooth hymenium , a monomitisches Hyphensystem , buckleless hyphae and long, cylindrical and sulfoaldehydpositive Gloeozystiden . The basidiospores are ellipsoidal, almost smooth to finely warty ornamented and strongly amyloid . The type species is Gloeocystidiopsis flammea (Boidin) Jülich .
features
The resupinate fruiting bodies are a few centimeters large and 100–400 µm thick. They are waxy to firm membranous and have a homogeneous context. The edge can be thinned out or rather sharply set off, rhizomorphs are absent. The hyphae system is monomitic and consists of hyaline, vertically arranged, cylindrical and hyaline hyphae that are 2–5 µm wide. The hyphae are thin to thick-walled and have no buckles . In culture media, however, the fungi can sometimes form opposing or whorled buckles. Sulphoaldehyde-positive gloeocystides are always present, but in Gloeocystidiopsis flammea the reaction can also be weak. The cylindrical to spindle-shaped and thin to slightly thick-walled gloeocystids are hyaline to pale brownish. You can sometimes have secondary septa . The four-pore, hyaline basidia are narrow-clumped and have no basal buckle. The spores are thin to slightly thick-walled, hyaline and ellipsoid. In Melzer's reagent , the almost smooth to slightly warty spores show a strong amyloid reaction. In KOH the spores are smooth. According to Boidin and his coauthors, all four species are homothallic and have dinuclear spores and multinucleated primary and secondary mycelia ( holocoenocytic ).
Ecology and diffusion
The representatives of the genus are saprobiontic white rot fungi with a tropical to subtropical distribution. Gloeocystidiopsis salmonea has so far only been found in Florida, Granada and Puerto Rico, Gloeocystidiopsis flammea in Central Africa and Gloeocystidiopsis heimii in Central Africa and Taiwan, while Gloeocystidiopsis cryptacantha has a neotropic distribution.
Systematics
The genus Gloeocystidiopsis was introduced by W. Jülich for Gloeocystidiellum -like species that have buckleless hyphae and a coenocytic core behavior (Jülich 1982). In his newly described genus he placed the two species Gloeocystidiopsis flammea and G. heimii . The relationship between the two species was questioned by SH Wu in 1996. Instead, he transferred G. heimii to the genus Conferticium . First and foremost because he considered the dense hyphae structure of this species to be a very important feature, which is typical of the genus Conferticium but is absent from the type species of Gloeocystidiopsis . The genus Conferticium is characterized by its more or less layered fruit bodies with the dense, almost hard context. The species are monomitic and have simply septate hyphae. Another typical feature of the genus defined by Hallenberg is the inner basidium repeater . Hallenberg put three species in his genus, namely the type species C. insidiosum , as well as C. ochraceum and C. ravum (as C. karstenii ). The type species and C. ochraceum cannot be distinguished morphologically, but have different substrate preferences, i.e. they grow either on hardwood or on conifer wood.
Molecular biological investigations by E. and KH Larrson showed that the genus Gloeocystidiopsis is a weakly supported lineage within the russuloid family tree. This splits into two sub-branches. Gloeocystidiopsis flammea , the type species of the genus, and Gloeocystidiellum cryptacanthum belong to the first sub- branch , while Gloeocystidiopsis heimii and Conferticium ravum form the second sub-branch. The common characteristics of these four types are:
All have a monomitic hyphae and simply septate hyphae. The long Gloeocystiden are cylindrical and always sulfoaldehyde-positive (even if the reaction in Gloeocystidiopsis flammea can be weak). The strongly amyloid spores are ellipsoidal and ornamented with fine blacks. According to Boidin and his co-authors, all four species are homothallic and have binuclear spores and multinucleated primary and secondary mycelia.
The family tree of E. and KH Larssons clearly shows that Conferticium ochraceum and Conferticium ravum do not form a common community of descent , but that Conferticium ochraceum forms its own, independent branch. From this they concluded that the similarity in the fruiting body structure and the basidia formation has only a limited value for the taxonomic classification. They also pointed out that the spore morphology speaks against a relationship. So have conferticium insidiosum and C. ochraceum smooth spores while C. ravum ornamented spores has. Conferticium insidiosum and C. ochraceum have the same core behavior as Gloeocystidiopsis , but they do not form buckles even in culture. Some mycologists take the generic name Gloeocystidiopsis as a synonym for Gloiothele , but this view is not supported by the molecular biological investigations.
species
The genus is currently (as of 2014) assigned to four species. The genus is not represented in Europe.
| Scientific name | author |
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| Gloeocystidiopsis cryptacanthus | (Pat.) E. Larss. & KH Larss. 2003 |
| Gloeocystidiopsis flammea | (Boidin) Jülich 1982 |
| Gloeocystidiopsis heimii | (Boidin) Jülich 1982 |
| Gloeocystidiopsis salmonea | (Burt) Boidin, Lanq. & Gilles 1997 |
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swell
- Gloeocystidiopsis Jülich (1982). In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank). International Mycological Association, accessed November 1, 2014 .
- Gloeocystidiopsis. Jülich, Int. J. Mycol. Lichenol. 1 (1): 27 (1982). In: CABI databases: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Walter Jülich: Studies in resupinate Basidiomycetes - VII . In: International Journal of Mycology and Lichenology . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1982, pp. 28 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ a b Ellen Larsson and Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 95 , no. 6 , 2003, p. 1037-1065 ( mycologia.org [PDF; 1,2 MB ]).
- ^ J. Ginns, GW Freeman: The Gloeocystidiellaceae (Basidiomycota, Hericiales) of North America . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . tape 157 , 1994, p. 48 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ J. Boidin: Basidiomycètes Corticiaceae de la République Centrafricaine . In: Cahiers de La Maboké . tape 4 , no. 1 , 1966, p. 7 (Latin, mycobank.org - original diagnosis ).
- ^ SH Wu: Studies on Gloeocystidiellum sensu lato (Basidiomycotina) in Taiwan . In: Mycotaxon . tape 58 , 1996, pp. 22 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ L. Ryvarden, K. Hjortstam, T. Iturriaga: Studies in corticioid fungi from Venezuela II (Basidiomycotina, Aphyllophorales) . In: Synopsis Fungorum . tape 20 , 2005, pp. 56 ( mycobank.org ).