Conferticium

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Conferticium
Conferticium ochraceum

Conferticium ochraceum

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Layer mushroom relatives (Stereaceae)
Genre : Conferticium
Scientific name
Conferticium
Indoor swimming pool (1980)

Conferticium is a genus offungusfrom the family of the layer mushroom relatives (Stereaceae). The genus is a satellite genus from the Gloeocystidiellum complex. Common features are the amyloid spores and the occurrence of mostly sulfoaldehyde-positive gloeocystids . The species of the genus Conferticium differ, however, in their hard, firm fruiting bodies and their simply septate and moderately thick-walled hyphae. In addition, young basidia can arise through an internal basidia repetition ( repetobasidia ). The thick, more or less waxy, resupinate fruiting bodies grow on dead wood, which theydecomposevia a white rot . The type species of the genus is Conferticium insidiosum (Bourdot & Galzin) Hallenb. Sequence analyzes of the rDNA genes show that the genus is divided into two communities of descent that are not closely related.

features

The corticoid fruiting bodies are annual or perennial and firmly attached to the substrate. They are up to 6 mm thick and a few inches long and wide. The edge thins out and is indistinctly demarcated. The hymenium is flat or warty to bumpy and whitish to ocher yellow or brownish in color. The “meat” (context) is waxy when it is damp, but becomes hard, crusty and often cracked when it is dry. The thin subiculum is pale to whitish and quite hard and consists of closely interwoven hyphae .

The hyphae system is monomitic . The hyphae texture is dense and consists of hyaline , rather thin to moderately thick-walled, indistinctly demarcated hyphae , some of which are glued together. The hyphae are oriented vertically and combined to form a pseudoparenchyma-like "tissue". The walls of the hyphae are cyanophilic or acyanophilic and inamyloid , buckles are absent. The hymenium contains club- shaped basidia , 20-30 µm long , which have four curved sterigms but no basal buckles. They stand in a dense palisade, new basidia occasionally arise through an internal basidia repetition . In addition, in the hymenium there are cylindrically convoluted to slightly club-shaped, 30–90 (120) µm long gloeocystids , which are often moniliform (like a string of pearls) constricted at the tip . They are smooth, thin-walled and mostly react with sulfoaldehydes. The spore powder is whitish. The round to elliptical, thin-walled, amyloid , 3–8 µm long and 2–4.5 µm wide spores are smooth or fine-black. C. insidiosum and C. ochraceum have smooth spores, in C. ravum and C. heimii they are fine-black.

Ecology and diffusion

The representatives of the genus Conferticium live saprobiotically on dead wood and produce a white rot there. Most species grow on hardwood, only Conferticium ochraceum also grows on softwood. Four of the known species are distributed in Europe, North America and Asia, only C. heimii (syn .: Gloeocystidiellum heimii ) is a tropical to subtropical species that occurs in Africa in Gabon and the Central African Republic . Conferticium ochraceum and Conferticium ravum have a predominantly northern distribution center.

Systematics

Minimum evolution family tree of Conferticium and its relatives. Bootstrap values ​​are given next to the branches, the Genbank number after the species name. All further information on the calculation of the tree can be found under the image description. All sequences are from the NCBI website
Maximum likelihood family tree of Conferticium and its relatives.

Conferticium is a satellite genus of Gloeocystidiellum s. l. In addition to the type species C. insidiosum , Hallenberg added two other species to the genus: C. karstenii and C. ochraceum . The main characteristics mentioned in the original description of the genus are:

Solid, dense context, vertically oriented, cyanophilic, simply septate and fairly thick-walled hyphae and internal basidia repetition (repetobasidia). One speaks of an internal basidia repetition when a young basidia grows within the cell wall of an older one. The remains of the old shell remain at least at the base, so that the young basidia is surrounded by a multilayered shell.

E. and K.-H. Larsson examined the rDNA ( 5.8S, ITS2 and LSU-rDNA ) of over 100 predominantly corticoid representatives of the Russuloid community. Including three representatives of the genus Conferticium . They found that Conferticium ochraceum forms its own lineage between Megalocystidium chelidonium and the Aleurodiscus cerussatus group, while the branch from Conferticium heimii and Conferticium ravum forms an (albeit weakly supported) lineage with Gloeocystidiopsis . Common features of this ancestral community are long, tubular, sulfoaldehyde-positive gloeocystidae and simple-septate, buckleless hyphae. The spores are ellipsoid, fine-black and strongly amyloid. According to Boidin and his co-authors (1997), they are all homothallic , with binucleate spores and with multinucleated primary and secondary mycelium ( holocoenocytic ).

The genus Gloeocystidiopsis was introduced by W. Jülich in order to record Gloeocystidiellum-like species with simply septate hyphae and a coenocytic core behavior (Jülich 1982). He originally placed two species in the genus, Gloeocystidiopsis flammea and G. heimii . S. H.Wu put G heimii 1996 in the genre conferticium because he dense Hyphentextur typical of the conferticium held while the type species of the genus Gloeocystidiopsis has a rather loose Hyphentextur. The two lines of descent within the genus Conferticium differ in their spore ornamentation. C. insidiosum and C. ochraceum have smooth spores, while in C. ravum and C. heimii they are fine-black.

etymology

The generic name Conferticium is derived from the Latin adjective confertus (= densely packed) and the ending - "icium" (alluding to the generic name ( Cort- ) icium ).

species

Depending on the view, the genus contains three to five species. Today (as of 2014) it is mostly accepted that Corticium ravum and Conferticium karstenii are synonyms. Hjortstam and Ryvarden (1988) also consider C. insidiosum and C. ochraceum to be synonymous.

The species of the genus Conferticium
Scientific species name author description
Conferticium insidiosum (Bourdot & Galzin) Hallenb. 1980 The dry, hard-crusty fruit bodies have a smooth to bumpy hymenium, which sometimes tears. It is cream-colored to pale in color. The elliptical spores are smooth. The fungus has been found in Europe and North Africa and grows on hardwood.
Conferticium karstenii (Bourdot & Galzin) Hallenb. 1980 The taxon is synonymous with Conferticium ravum
Conferticium ochraceum (Fr.) 1980 The resupinate fruiting bodies are waxy and show several growth layers (perennial). The hymenial is smooth, light yellow when young, ocher-brown when old and often heavily torn. The elliptical spores are smooth. The mushroom grows on coniferous wood.
Conferticium ravum (Burt) Ginns & GW Freeman 1994 The resupinate fruiting bodies are thin and skin-like. The hymenium is brownish-orange to greyish-orange in color and is often torn. The spores are ornamented rough or slightly warty. The fungus has been found in Europe and Asia.
Conferticium heimii (Boidin) Sheng H. Wu 1996 The resupinate, membranous fruiting bodies have a grayish-orange to bright orange, smooth and not cracked hymenium. The fungus is found in Central Africa.

swell

  • N. Hallenberg: New taxa of Corticiaceae from N. Iran (Basidiomycetes) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 11 , no. 2 , 1980, p. 447-475 ( cybertruffle.org ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Nils Hallenberg: New taxa of Corticiaceae from n. Iran (Basidiomycetes) . In: Mycotaxon . Vol. 11 (2), 1980, pp. 447-475 ( cybertruffle.org.uk ).
  2. ^ A b J. Ginns, GW Freeman: The Gloeocystidiellaceae (Basidiomycota, Hericiales) of North America . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . tape 157 , 1994, p. 27 ( mycobank.org ).
  3. ↑ a b c d SH Wu: Studies on Gloeocystidiellum sensu lato (Basidiomycotina) in Taiwan . In: Mycotaxon . tape 58 , 1996, pp. 22 ( cybertruffle.org [accessed September 10, 2014]).
  4. ↑ A. Bernicchia, SP Gorjón: conferticium ochraceum . 2010, p. 219 ( mycobank.org - from: Mycotaxon. 11 (2), 1980, p. 448.).
  5. ↑ A. Bernicchia, SP Gorjón: conferticium ravum . 2010, p. 220 ( mycobank.org - from: Biblthca Mycol. 157, 1994, p. 31.).
  6. ^ J. Ginns, GW Freeman: The Gloeocystidiellaceae (Basidiomycota, Hericiales) of North America . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . tape 157 , 1994, p. 28 ( mycobank.org ).
  7. ^ N. Maekawa: Taxonomic study of Japanese Corticiaceae (Aphyllophoraceae) II . In: Report of the Tottori Mycological Institute . tape 32 , 1994, pp. 26 ( mycobank.org ).
  8. ^ Jens H. Petersen, Thomas Læssøe: about the genus Conferticium. In: MycoKey. Retrieved February 22, 2013 .
  9. ^ N. Maekawa: Taxonomic study of Japanese Corticiaceae (Aphyllophoraceae) II . In: Report of the Tottori Mycological Institute, Report of the Tottori Mycological Institute . tape 32 , 1994, pp. 26 ( mycobank.org ).
  10. ↑ Ellen Larsson, Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 95 , no. 6 . Lawrence 2003, p. 1037-1065 ( mycologia.org ).
  11. ^ Conferticium insidiosum in the CBS Aphyllophorales database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed September 15, 2014 .
  12. ^ Conferticium ochraceumin from the CBS Aphyllophorales database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed September 15, 2014 .
  13. ^ Conferticium ravum in the CBS Aphyllophorales database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed September 15, 2014 .
  14. ^ Conferticium heimii in the CBS Aphyllophorales database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed September 15, 2014 .

Web links

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