Glosa (music)
Glosa (Spanish: gloss, explanation, marginal note) is a term from instrumental music of the 16th and 17th centuries. Inspired by the lyrical glosa , “glossing” found its way into the composition .
Forms of the musical glosa
The term “Glosa” has two meanings in older Spanish instrumental music. On the one hand, Glosa is the name for a freely decorated upper part in short preludes or liturgical interludes, i.e. for the ornamentation or the addition of virtuoso figures to a straight melody passage, in a similar sense also for a richly decorated improvisation on a musical theme in free variation in the music for keyboard instruments. For the theory and practice of this improvisational glosa, the work “Tratato de Glosas” (1553) by Diego Ortiz is of fundamental importance.
In the second meaning, Glosa is used in collections of Spanish music of the 16th and 17th centuries for organ , vihuela , guitar or harp in the same meaning as the terms Diferencia , Tiento or Ricercar , also for the free arrangement of another work, often as Homage to Franco-Flemish composers . Either the method of intabulation or that of variation was used. Alonso Mudarra e.g. In his Tres libros de musica en cifras para vihuela (1546), B. used passages from masses and a motet by Josquin Desprez as the basis for five Glosas. In contrast to the lyrical Glosa, it begins with the newly composed “Commentary” (variation) and then takes up the glossed initial piece, such as the Cum Sancto Spiritu from Missa de Beata Virgine (around 1510). This is followed by further sections in which the variations again precede the glossed passages. In the case of Cum Sancto Spiritu, the entire original piece is systematically processed. The musical phrases follow those of the singing.
Glosas in this sense as a form of composition exist by Antonio de Cabezón , Luis Venegas de Henestrosa , Alonso Mudarra, Luis de Narváez , Diego Ortiz, Francisco Fernández Palero , Diego Pisador , Enríquez de Valderrábano and in the 20th century by Derek Holman (* 1931) .
literature
- Diego Ortiz: Tratado de glosas , facsimile with German translation by M. Schneider, Berlin 1913, Kassel 1967
- Deborah Lawrence: Mudarra's Instrumental Glosas: Imitation and Homage in a Spanish Style. In: David Crawford and George Grayson Wagstaff (editors), Encomium Musicae, A Festschrift in Honor of Robert J. Snow, Pendragon Press 2006, ISBN 978-0945193838 , pages 305-319
swell
- ↑ Marc Honegger, Günther Massenkeil (ed.): The great lexicon of music. Volume 3: Elsbeth - Haitink. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1980, ISBN 3-451-18053-7 .