Diego Pisador

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Diego Pisador (* around 1509 in Salamanca ; † after 1557 probably there) was a Spanish vihuela player and composer of the Renaissance .

Live and act

Diego Pisador came from an educated family. His parents Alonso Pisador and Isabel Ortiz married in 1508; the father of Isabel Ortiz, Alfonso III. de Fonseca, Archbishop of Santiago , was a great patron of music. Diego's father Alonso Pisador worked as a notary in the service of the archbishop and went to Toledo in 1524 . There he entered the service of the Count of Monterrey in Galicia , who was perhaps Alonso de Acevedo y Zúñiga, a grandson of Alfonso III.

Diego worked from this time as an official ( mayordomo ) of the city of Salamanca; in 1526 he received minor orders without later continuing his ecclesiastical career. After 1532 he left Salamanca to work as an administrator of various properties. After his mother died in 1550, he returned to Salamanca. There he was involved in a long process of inheritance (1550–1553) with his younger brother, and later (1557) with his father.

Shortly after his mother's death, Diego Pisador received a long letter from his father, dated October 13, 1550. This urged him, given his advanced age, to give up his “stupid book project” ( bobería del libro ) and start the matter instead to sell a printer. This of course meant Diego's main work, the Libro de Música , which he printed himself at home with the professional help of the printer Guillermo Millis. There is no evidence that Pisador himself ever held a position as a musician. After 1557 there is no more archival information from Diego Pisador.

meaning

Title page of the Libro de música de vihuela

In 1552 Diego Pisador published a series of books with compositions for Vihuela, on which he is said to have worked for over 15 years. This series is divided into seven books with 95 compositions; If you count the individual pieces in the multi-part works, you get a total of 186 pieces. Of the 95 compositions, 58 are for voice and vihuela and 37 for vihuela solo. Most of these are intabulations of works by other composers, including eight masses by Josquin des Préz , 13 motets by Josquin, Jean Mouton , Nicolas Gombert , Cristóbal de Morales and others, 22 songs in Spanish texts (mostly Villancicos by Pedro Guerrero (* 1520), Juan Vásquez (~ 1500 − n.1560) and others) and ten songs on Italian texts (by V. Fontana, Giovanni Domenico da Nola and others). With regard to his own compositions, Pisador is more of an amateur musician than a professional composer. This includes two cycles of variations, on Conde Claros and on Las bacas , as well as a three-part Pavane and 26 fantasies (half of which are monothematic), called passos remendados , whereby the cantus firmi is indicated in the tablature with red numbers and solmization syllables . In the other 13 Fantasies in the imitative style, Pisador turns out to be more of a composer with limited abilities for polyphonic works.

Works

  • Libro de Música de Vihuela , seven volumes, Salamanca 1552, dedicated to Prince Philip, later King Philip II of Spain.
    • Volume 1: Romances (with diferencias ), sonnets and fantasies
    • Volume 2: Villancicos
    • Volume 3: Fantasies
    • Volumes 4 and 5: eight masses by Josquin des Préz
    • Volume 6: Motets by Spanish and non-Spanish composers ( Juan García de Basurto (~ 1490–1547), Cristóbal de Morales, Josquin des Préz, Jean Mouton, Adrian Willaert and Nicolas Gombert)
    • Volume 7: Italian, Spanish and French chansons and canzons , whereby the instrumental parts are notated in Spanish tablature, while the respective singing part appears in mensural notation or with red numbers in the tablature.

Literature (selection)

  • N. Alonso Cortés: Diego Pisador: Algunos datos biográficos. In: Boletin de la Biblioteca Menéndez y Pelayo No. 3, 1921, pages 331-335
  • JM Ward: The "vihuela de mano" and Its Literature 1536-1576 , dissertation at New York University 1953
  • Gustave Reese: Music in the Renaissance , Norton 1954
  • HM Brown: Instrumental Music Before 1600. A Bibliography , Cambridge / Massachusetts 1965
  • Marc Honegger: Les Messes de Josquin des Prés dans la tabulature de Diego Pisador (Salamanque 1552). Contribution a l'étude des altérations au XVIe siècle , dissertation Paris 1970
  • The same: La tabulature de Diego Pisador et leproblemème des altérations au XVIe siècle. In: Revue de Musicologie No. 59, 1973, pages 38-59 and 191-230 and No. 60, 1974, pages 3-32
  • WE Hultberg: Diego Pisador's Libro de musica de vihuela (1552). In: Festschrift Pauline Alderman, edited by B. Karson, Provo 1976, pp. 29–51
  • John Griffiths: The Vihuela Fantasia: A Comparative Study of Forms and Styles , PhD at Monash University 1983
  • O. Schoener: The Vihuela de mano in Spain in the 16th century , Frankfurt am Main 1999

Web links

swell

  1. ^ The Music in Past and Present (MGG), Person Part Volume 13, Bärenreiter Verlag Kassel and Basel 2005, ISBN 3-7618-1133-0
  2. ↑ Marc Honegger, Günther Massenkeil (ed.): The great lexicon of music. Volume 6: Nabakov - Rampal. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau a. a. 1981, ISBN 3-451-18056-1 .
  3. ^ Emilio Pujol (Ed.): Pavana muy llana para tañer. (Diego Pisador, 1552). In: Emilio Pujol (Ed.): Hispanae Citharae Ars Viva. A collection of selected guitar music from old tabs, edited by Emilio Pujol. (Spanish, French, English and German) Schott, Mainz 1956 (= guitar archive. Volume 176), p. 2.
personal data
SURNAME Pisador, Diego
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish composer and vihuelist of the Renaissance
DATE OF BIRTH around 1509
PLACE OF BIRTH Salamanca
DATE OF DEATH after 1557
Place of death unsure: Salamanca