Gokaden

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Centers of Japanese swordsmithing traditions. The Gokaden are marked in red.

Under Gokaden ( Japanese 五 ヶ 伝 dt. "Five Traditions") the five classic swordsmithing traditions are Yamato tradition ( province Yamato ), Sōshū tradition (Sōshū, i.e. province Sagami ), Bizen tradition ( province Bizen ), Yamashiro tradition ( Yamashiro province ) and Mino tradition ( Mino province ) combined. In addition, the swords are partially Shinto - period , provided the gokaden as the sixth tradition, the so-called "Rokaden" attached.

Different Japanese provinces developed their own typical processes and traditions in the production of Nihontō , which are also assigned to different periods. The swordsmithing schools located in the provinces (e.g. the Tegai School and the Hōshō School in Yamato) shared similar traditions that set them apart from schools in other provinces.

In total, about 80% of the swords produced in the Kotō period in Japan are assigned to the Gokaden. The classification of swords in one of the five traditions is not always easy, however, as it can happen that swordsmiths deviate slightly from the respective tradition or even incorporate several styles into one blade. The best-known example of the mixture of different styles is certainly the swordsmith Kaneuji , who forged in both the Yamato tradition and the Sōshū tradition and is considered the founder of the Mino tradition.

The swordsmiths of the Kotō period, which cannot be assigned to any of the Gokaden (approx. 20%), are referred to as Wakimono ( 脇 d, German for "secondary schools") or Majiwarimono. In general, 19 different swordsmith schools are included here. Most of these were outside the provinces of Yamashiro, Yamato, Bizen, Sōshū and Mino.

The 19 schools belonging to the Wakimono were:

1. Takada in the province of Bungo , 2. Uda in the province of Etchū , 3. Mihara in the province of Bingo , 4. Shimada in the province of Suruga , 5. Shitahara in the province of Musashi , 6. Kanabo in the province of Yamato , 7. Fujishima in the province of Kaga , 8. Dōtanuki ( 同 田 貫 ) in the province of Higo , 9. Nio in the province of Suō , 10. Gassan ( 月 山 ) in the province of Dewa , 11. Hōju ( 寶 der / 宝 寿 ) in the Mutsu Province , 12. Kaifu ( 海 部 ) in Awa Province , 13th Congobei in Chikuzen Province , 14th Iruka in Kii Province , 15th Sudo in Kii Province, 16th Chiyozuru in Echizen Province , 17th Hashizume ( 橋 詰 ) in Kaga Province, 18th Yamamura in Echigo Province, and 19th Momokawa ( 桃 川 ) in Echigo Province.

Web links

literature

  • Inami Hakusui: Nippon-Tō, The Japanese Sword. Kyoei Printing Co., 1948, OCLC 1747709 .
  • John M. Yumoto, The Samurai Sword - A Manual. Ordonnanz-Verlag, 1995, ISBN 978-3-931425-00-5 , p. 28 ff.
  • Leon / Yoshihara Kapp, Yoshindo: Modern Japanese Swords and Swordsmiths - From 1868 to the Present. Kodansha International, Tokyo u. a. 2002, ISBN 4-7700-1962-9 , p. 17.
  • Kōkan Nagayama, The connoisseur's book of Japanese swords , Kodansha Intl, 1997, ISBN 978-4-7700-2071-0 , limited preview in the Google book search.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hakusui, Inami, Nippon-Tō, The Japanese Sword. P. 152.
  2. ↑ John M. Yumoto: The Samurai Sword - A Manual. P. 28.
  3. ↑ Hakusui, Inami: Nippon-Tō, The Japanese Sword. P. 145.
  4. ↑ Kōkan Nagayama: The connoisseur's book of Japanese swords. P. 348.
  5. ↑ Kōkan Nagayama: The connoisseur's book of Japanese swords. P. 123.
  6. ↑ Kōkan Nagayama: The connoisseur's book of Japanese swords. P. 123.