Gonepteryx

Gonepteryx
	Gonepteryx aspasia on Scabiosa japonica
Systematics
Class :	Insects (Insecta)
Order :	Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family :	Whitelings (Pieridae)
Subfamily :	Yellowlings (Coliadinae)
Genre :	Gonepteryx
Scientific name
	Gonepteryx
	Leach , 1815

Gonepteryx amintha formosana

Prepared brimstone butterfly ♂

Prepared Mediterranean Brimstone Butterfly ( Gonepteryx cleopatra ) ♂

Gonepteryx is a Butterfly - genus from the family of the white butterflies (Pieridae) subfamily yellow pieces (Adinae Coli). The species of the genus are common in Europe, North Africa and Asia.

features

The moths of the genus Gonepteryx are medium-sized with lemon-yellow males and greenish-white females. Especially on the forewings they have orange-red centers. In contrast to butterflies of the genus Colias , it does not have a dark band at the hem. The wings are widened and strongly curved at the root at the front edge. The hem of the front wings is curved and drawn out to a point between the veins R ₅ and M ₁ . The core R _{2, 3} is not forked. The hem of the rear wing is rounded up to the front of the M ₁ core , pulled forward to Cu ₁ and bent at an angle. The antennae are short with gradually thickened, round pistons. The palps are short and protrude only slightly above the head.

The caterpillars are green, spindle-shaped and slender. The dolls have strongly bulbous chest pieces and an upward-pointing head tip.

Systematics and types

William Elford Leach established the genus Gonepteryx in 1815 with the brimstone butterfly as a type, at that time still Papilio rhamni . The name is derived from the Greek words γονυ (gony for gonos, the knee) and πτεϱύξ (pteryx for pteron, the wing); Knee wing because of the kinked apex . The generic name was misspelled several times:

Gonoptera Billberg , 1820
Goniapteryx Westwood , 1840
Goniopteryx Wallengren , 1853
Goniopteryx Burmeister , 1878
Gonopteryx treasure , 1886
Gonopteryx Spuler , 1910

The genus used to include the three South American species of today's genus Anteos Hübner 1819, which are significantly larger and more colorful.

The populations on Madeira and the Canary Islands were considered to be subspecies of G. cleopatra , and genetic studies have shown that they are genetically and morphologically clearly separated species. G. chitralensis is seen as a subspecies of G. farinosa in older literature . The Gonepteryx mahaguru taiwana Paravicini 1913, endemic to Taiwan , is seen by some authors as a distinct species. This results in the following list of species:

Gonepteryx acuminata C. & R. Felder , 1862 East Asia, Amur , Korea, Japan, Turkestan , Laos

Gonepteryx amintha ( Blanchard , 1871) East Asia, Tibet, Formosa (Taiwan)

Gonepteryx chitralensis Moore , 1905 Pakistan

Gonepteryx cleobule ( Huebner , 1830) Tenerife

Mediterranean Brimstone Butterfly ( Gonepteryx cleopatra ) ( Linnaeus , 1767) Southern Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor

Gonepteryx eversi Rehnelt , 1974 La Gomera

Gonepteryx farinosa ( Zeller , 1847) Asia

Gonepteryx maderensis fields 1862 Madeira

Gonepteryx mahaguru Gistel , 1857 Asia

Gonepteryx maxima Butler , 1885 Japan, north China

Gonepteryx nepalensis Doubleday , 1847 Asia

Gonepteryx palmae strain , 1963 La Palma

Brimstone Butterfly ( Gonepteryx rhamni ) ( Linnaeus , 1758) Europe, Asia

Individual evidence

↑ Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 2: Butterflies. (Rhopalocera and Hesperiidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1955, DNB 456642188 , p. 14.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe . tape 1 . E. Schweitzerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1908, p. 11 .
↑ ^a ^b Markku Savela: Gonepteryx. In: Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Retrieved May 20, 2015 .
↑ ^a ^b The Palaearctic butterflies . In: Adalbert Seitz (ed.): The large butterflies of the earth . tape 1 . Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart 1909, p. 60 .
↑ The large butterflies of the American fauna area . In: Adalbert Seitz (ed.): The large butterflies of the earth . tape 5 . Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart 1907, p. 88 f .
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d Clair FA Brunton, Gregory DD Hurst: Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of Brimstone butterflies (genus Gonepteryx) from the Canary Islands and Madeira . In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 63 , no. 1 . Wiley-Blackwell, Jan 1, 1998, pp. 69-79 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.1998.tb01639.x .
↑ Kojiro Shiraiwa: Interactive List. In: Butterflies of Asia. Retrieved May 20, 2015 .
^ The University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and The University of Arizona Library: Gonepteryx. In: Tree of Life Web Project. November 16, 2006, accessed May 20, 2015 .
↑ Yutaka Inayoshi: Gonepteryx amintha ssp. In: A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China. Retrieved May 20, 2015 .
^ Buttler: On three new Species of Gonepteryx from India, Japan, and Syria . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology . tape 15 , no. 5 , 185, pp. 406-408 ( HTML [accessed May 20, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : Gonepteryx - collection of images, videos and audio files

Gonepteryx at Fauna Europaea
Markku Savela: Lepidoptera and some other life forms Gonepteryx

[ForsterWohlfahrt2-1] Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 2: Butterflies. (Rhopalocera and Hesperiidae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1955, DNB 456642188 , p. 14.

[Spuler1-2] Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe . tape 1 . E. Schweitzerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1908, p. 11 .

[Savela-3] Markku Savela: Gonepteryx. In: Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Retrieved May 20, 2015 .

[Seitz1-4] The Palaearctic butterflies . In: Adalbert Seitz (ed.): The large butterflies of the earth . tape 1 . Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart 1909, p. 60 .

[Seitz5-5] The large butterflies of the American fauna area . In: Adalbert Seitz (ed.): The large butterflies of the earth . tape 5 . Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart 1907, p. 88 f .

[Brunton-6] A ^b ^c ^d Clair FA Brunton, Gregory DD Hurst: Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of Brimstone butterflies (genus Gonepteryx) from the Canary Islands and Madeira . In: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society . tape 63 , no. 1 . Wiley-Blackwell, Jan 1, 1998, pp. 69-79 , doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.1998.tb01639.x .

[Kojiro-7] Kojiro Shiraiwa: Interactive List. In: Butterflies of Asia. Retrieved May 20, 2015 .

[tolweb-8] The University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and The University of Arizona Library: Gonepteryx. In: Tree of Life Web Project. November 16, 2006, accessed May 20, 2015 .

[Inayoshi-9] Yutaka Inayoshi: Gonepteryx amintha ssp. In: A Check List of Butterflies in Indo-China. Retrieved May 20, 2015 .

[Butler-10] Buttler: On three new Species of Gonepteryx from India, Japan, and Syria . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology . tape 15 , no. 5 , 185, pp. 406-408 ( HTML [accessed May 20, 2015]).