Tivoli (Gotha)

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The Tivoli in Gotha
Memorial plaque at Tivoli

The Tivoli is a former restaurant in Gotha, Thuringia . It is the founding house of the Socialist Workers' Party Germany (SAP), the immediate predecessor of the SPD . The year 1875 is given as the actual constitution date, when the General German Workers' Association (ADAV) and the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) merged to form the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (SAP) at the end of the Unification Party Congress from May 22nd to 27th in Gotha .

History of the building

In what was then Sundhäuser Allee, the building was built in 1830 as an inn with a bar, guest rooms and a hall with a gallery . At first it was the "Kautz'sche Wirtschaftslocal". From 1848 the "Kaltwasser'sche Saal" was operated as a restaurant by Ottilie Kaltwasser. The house got its name "Tivoli" in 1885. Since the " Tivoli Brewery Gotha " was located opposite , according to tradition, the building got its name from this. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Gotha became the new owner. From 1909 to 1918 the restaurant of the aforementioned brewery was here. Up until the Second World War there was a kindergarten in the building. The hall was used for various city assemblies of the city of Gotha. In 1953, due to its historical history, the building was renamed the "Tivoli Workers' Memorial " and used as a memorial until the fall of the Berlin Wall . In the following years, urgent renovation work was carried out and the "Kaltwassersche Saal" was almost restored to its original state.

Wilhelm Bock from Gotha

Wilhelm Bock (1846–1931) was a delegate of the Gotha local branch of the ADAV and took part in the Eisenach party congress in August 1869 . He achieved great merits by preparing the Gotha Unification Party Congress in 1875 in the "Tivoli". As is known from tradition, it would not have happened without him. Furthermore, the " Gothaische Volksblatt " was founded by him . A street in Gotha has been named after him in his honor since 1946.

The foundation of SAP in Tivoli

Heads of the early German labor movement (August Bebel, Wilhelm Liebknecht - top row, Karl Marx - middle, Carl Wilhelm Tölcke, Ferdinand Lassalle - bottom row)

In 1873 the Social Democratic Workers 'Party and the General German Workers' Association gradually converged. Ways to an agreement were sought and found. There were several reasons for this - such as the establishment of an empire , Bismarck's rule and, last but not least, the beginning economic crisis in Germany. A preliminary conference took place on February 14th and 15th, 1875. The draft program was drawn up. After August Bebel had read this draft, he wrote an alternative draft. However, this was largely rejected by the SDAP. Even Karl Marx criticized the design. In a letter to Wilhelm Bracke , he wrote the marginal notes on the program of the German Workers' Party . This "marginal notes" as the theoretical work we have obtained is Critique of the Gotha Program historical significance. The program was unanimously adopted on May 25, 1875 in the “Gotha Association Congress”. The Socialist Workers' Party (SAP) was founded.

With 129 delegates representing around 25,000 members, the event in Gotha Tivoli was the origin of the Social Democratic Party in Germany. Half a million voters were won in the Reichstag election in 1877 . The Gotha program called for a “free state” and a “socialist society”.

Memorial Gotha Party Congress 1875

From 1953 the house was used as a memorial. In addition to the presentation of the unification party conference, the exhibition set up there concentrated on the application of the basic ideas of the criticism of the Gotha program by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the labor movement , with particular emphasis on the history of the KPD in the sense of the SED . It was thus an important part of the reception of history in the GDR .

Re-establishment of the SPD Thuringia in Tivoli

After 115 years, social democratic history was written again in Tivoli Gotha. The first regional association of the SPD in the former GDR was founded here on January 27, 1990 . Willy Brandt and Egon Bahr were represented as guests of honor . Quote from Willy Brandt's speech: “Dear friends, I thank you for the invitation. I bring warm greetings to the community of social democrats in many parts of the world, which extends far beyond Europe. I combine this with my good wishes for the Social Democrats in this German heartland of Thuringia. "

Friends of Gothaer Tivoli e. V.

The association with currently 39 members was founded in Gotha in 1992. One of the goals of the association is to preserve the historic building and to keep it accessible to those interested in history from Germany and the world.

See also

References and comments

  1. ↑ From tradition it is also known that the restaurant was supplied with beer by the "Tivoli Brewery Gotha". (Another note on naming)
  2. ↑ He died on June 22, 1931 and found his final resting place as "a son of the people" in the Gotha cemetery.
  3. ^ Letter from Karl Marx to Wilhelm Bracke. www.zeno.org, accessed December 17, 2007 .
  4. ^ Arno Klönne: 125 years of Gotha Party Congress and Gotha program; Gotha Tivoli . Ed .: Förderverein Gothaer Tivoli e. V. Printing & Advertising, Gotha 2000 S. 10 (The hour of birth of German social democracy).
  5. ^ Tivoli, SPD founding site. (No longer available online.) In: gotha.de. www.gotha.de, archived from the original on March 11, 2016 ; Retrieved October 13, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gotha.de
  6. ↑ Museums of the City of Gotha (ed.): Gotha Party Conference Memorial Site 1875 . Gotha (leaflet of the former memorial).
  7. ↑ 12 radio and television stations reported live from the Tivoli.
  8. ^ Förderverein Gothaer Tivoli eV (editor): 125 years of Gothaer Party Congress and Gothaer program; Gotha Tivoli . Ed .: Förderverein Gothaer Tivoli eV Druck & Werbung, Gotha 2000, p. 20 (Speech at the re-founding party congress of the SPD Thuringia (excerpts)).

bibliography

  • Marlies Mikolajczak: 1875-2000: 125 years of the Gotha Party Congress and Gotha Program; Gotha Tivoli birthplace of social democracy . 1st edition. Printing & Advertising, Gotha 2000.
  • Susanne Miller ; Heinrich Potthoff: Brief history of the SPD: presentation and documentation 1848–1990 . 7th edition. JHW Dietz Nachf., Bonn 1991, ISBN 3-87831-350-0 , p. 539 .
  • Thomas Meyer, Susanne Miller, Joachim Rohlfes (Hrsg.): History of the German workers' movement. Presentation, chronology, documents . 3rd vol. Bonn 1984, ISBN 3-923423-11-X (series of publications by the Federal Agency for Civic Education, vol. 207).

Web links

Commons : Tivoli  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 38 ″  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 52 ″  E