Gothiscandza

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Green = historical region Götaland
Rosa = Gotland
Red = simplified course of the Wielbark culture

As gothiscandza (nom. Sg. To German "the Scandza of the Goths" or "Gothic Scandza") is the point in the territory of the Vistula estuary called when the Goths according to the of them surviving mythical origin story , from their Scandinavian homeland coming under landed by King Berig on the Baltic coast. The name is taken from Getica des Jordanes ( Get. 4, 25; 17, 94) from the sixth century. In research, the name is seen as a scholarly construction of Cassiodorus , whose lost history of the Goths served as a template for Jordanes.

Localization

Jordanes describes the origins of the Goths in mythical prehistoric times, in that Berig set off with three messengers from Scandza and landed at the Gothiscandza and subsequently took action against the local Ulmer curiosity in order to gain settlement space. From this information an attempt was made in the research to fix different places and landscapes on today's Polish Baltic coast ( Pomerania to Danzig Bay ). In connection with the regional Iron Age cultures ( Wielbark culture ), the area around the Vistula Delta is rated as the possible Gothiscandza . On the assumption that the term could denote a place name, an attempt was made to derive the name of the city of Gdansk from it, or to prove a phonetic contraction .

Surname

The Gothiscandza is conceptually a hybrid of Gothi-Scandza as a contrast to the actual Scandza as the now "Scandza of the Goths" from the parts of Gothi and Scandia whose creator, if not Jordanes himself, was probably Cassiodorus. Scandza is the late Latin sound of Scandia, an abbreviation of Ska (n) dinavia from urnordisch * Skaðin-aujō . Gothi has appeared in the sources since the third century, so the form according to Hermann Reichert is suspect, since an u-trunk would have to be present for an authentic early tradition, analogous to the comparable form of the toponym Gutþiuda ("Gotenvolk").

In older research, attempts were made to interpret the name from the Gothic. Theodor von Grienberger first constructed a strong feminine * Gutisk-andi as "Gothic coast", then (later) as a dative locative * Gutisk-andeis from Gothic andeis = "end" with comparison to Old Icelandic endir "end, edge". Rudolf Much voted Grienberger substantially, however, took the opposite a weak masculine and constructed * Gutisk-andja- also related to Old Icelandic endi (r) and compared his construct with the Frisian landscape name North endi and Lombard evidence Ant aib with the meanings of a "Grenzgau or Ufergau". Norbert Wagner objects to both approaches that " Compounds with an adjective on -isk- are not used in Gothic". Wagner also refers to Karl Müllenhoff , who already assessed the name as a presumed scholarly creation of Cassiodorus. Müllenhoff also suspected that he combined and processed a name found by Ptolemy ( Geographike Hyphegesis ) according to the Roman way of thinking.

The name is ultimately based on the inadequate knowledge of the Mediterranean historiographers of the Gothic language and is shaped by ideas - as is clear from the detailed Getica passage (4, 25) - of the Scandinavian origin of the Goths and other Germanic gentes as Vagina nationum (see ethnogenesis ).

literature

  • Ottar Grønvik : About the origin of the Crimean Goths and the Goths of the Migration Period. A linguistic-critical assessment of the Goth question. In: John Ole Askedal, Harald Bjorvand (Hrsg.): Three studies on Germanic in old and new times. John Benjamin Publishing Company, Amsterdam / Philadelphia 2012, ISBN 978-87-7838-061-6 , pp. 69-94; here pp. 87–88 ( Google book search ).
  • Winfred P. Lehmann : A Gothic Etymological Dictionary. Brill, Leiden / Boston 1986, ISBN 90-04-08176-3 , pp. 158, 163-165.
  • Hermann Reichert : Lexicon of the old Germanic names . Volumes I, II. Verlag der ÖAW, Vienna 1987, 1990, pp. 388 (I), 531 (II).
  • Hermann Reichert: Gothiscandza. In: Henry Beck, Heiko control, Dieter Timpe (ed.): Germanische Altertumskunde Online 12 de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1998, ISBN 3-11-016227-X , pp 443-444 ( fee Germanic archeology online at de Gruyter ).
  • Ludwig Rübekeil : Suebica - people names and ethnos. (= Innsbruck Contributions to Linguistics 68). Institute for Linguistics, Innsbruck 1992. ISBN 3-85124-623-3 , pp. 93f., 138f., 142–143.
  • Corinna Scheungraber, Friedrich E. Grünzweig: The old Germanic toponyms as well as non-Germanic toponyms of Germania. A guide to their etymology. (= Philologica Germanica 34). Fassbaender, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-902575-62-3 , pp. 178-179.
  • Norbert Wagner : Getica. Studies on the life of the Jordanes and the early history of the Goths. de Gruyter, Berlin 1967, pp. 209–210 ( fee required from de Gruyter Online).
  • Herwig Wolfram : The Goths. From the beginning to the middle of the 6th century. Draft of a historical ethnography. 4th edition CH Beck, Munich 2001, p. 47ff.

Remarks

  1. ↑ readings of manuscripts of the Getica: For position 4, 25: gothiscanza in O , gothiscantia in B , gothizanza in L . For 17, 94, 6: gothiscandzam in A , gothes andza in P , gothiscandzae in X , Y , Z .
  2. ↑ Jord. Getica 4, 25 ( Memento of the original from February 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.thelatinlibrary.com
  3. ^ Heinrich Tiefenbach : Danzig. In: Heinrich Beck, Herbert Jankuhn, Kurt Ranke, Reinhard Wenskus (eds.): Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Volume 5. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York, 1984, ISBN 3-11-009635-8 , pp 253-254 ( fee Germanic Altertumskunde Online at de Gruyter ).
  4. ↑ Ottar Grønvik: About the origin of the Crimean Goths and the Goths of the Migration Period. P. 87.
  5. ^ Hermann Reichert: Lexicon of Old Germanic Names. Volume I, Vienna 1987, p. 363ff.
  6. ^ Friedrich E. Grünzweig: Gothiscandz. In: Corinna Scheungraber, Ders .: The old Germanic toponyms and un-Germanic toponyms of Germania. Vienna 2014, p. 179.
  7. ^ Theodor Grienberger: Ermanariks Völker. In: ZfdA 39 (1895), pp. 154–184, here p. 173 Note 1. Ders .: Investigations on Gothic verbal studies. Vienna 1900, p. 8.
  8. ^ Rudolf Much: Gothiscandza. In: Johannes Hoops (Ed.): Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Volume 2, Strasbourg 1915, p. 306.
  9. ^ Karl Müllenhoff: German antiquity. Volume 2, Berlin 1870-1900, p. 396.
  10. ^ Ludwig Rübekeil: Scandinavia in the Light of Ancient Tradition. In: Oskar Bandle (Ed. Et al.): The Nordic Languages Vol. 1 (= Handbooks for Linguistics and Communication Science 22.1). de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2002, ISBN 3-11-014876-5 , pp. 594-604, here: 600ff.